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55 During the late Middle Ages, the cult of St. Louis was used by a number of parties, each of which used it for their own purposes, limiting the influence of the saint. For the weakened state of the cult of St. Louis during the late Middle Ages and the influence of the saint as a model ruler in the seventeenth century, see ibid., 17-18, 90-125. For seventeenth-century French attitudes towards St. Louis, see Alain Boureau, "Les enseignement absolutistes de Saint Louis 1610- 1630," in La monarchie absolutiste et l'histoire en France: Théories du pouvoir, propagandes monarchiques et mythologies nationales: colloque tenu en Sorbonne les 26 - 27 mai 1986 (Paris: Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 1987), 79-97; Nathan Edelman, Attitudes of Seventeenth-Century France toward the Middle Ages (New York: King's Crown Press, 1946), 86-93, 236-45; Manfred Tietz, "Saint Louis roi chrétien: Un mythe de la mission intérieure du XVIIe siècle," in La conversion au XVIIe siècle: Actes du XIIe Colloque de Marseille, janvier 1982 (Marseille: Centre Méridional de Rencontres sur le XVIIe siècle, 1983), 56-69. 56 Boureau, "Les enseignements," 81. 57 For the king’s attitude towards St. Louis, see Batiffol, Louis, 259. 58 A double feast, or duplex feast, is the name given to more important festivals. Although the feast of St. Louis had been celebrated at individual institutions, such as at Saint-Denis, since the king’s canonization in 1297, Pope Paul V was the first to order that it be celebrated throughout the kingdom; see Paul Perdrizet, Le Calendrier parisien à la fin dun moyen âge: d'après le bréviaire et les livres d'heures (Paris: Les belles lettres, 1933), 210. A copy of the bull was published in the Mercure françois 5 (1618): 271-73. 59 For a description of the Parisian celebration of the feast, see Mercure françois 5 (1618): 276. 60 For a discussion of the numerous texts, see Boureau, "Les enseignements," 79-97. 61 Ibid., 82. 62 Ibid. 63 Ibid., 83. 64 Adam Théveneau, Les Précepts du Roy Sainct Louys à Philippes III son fils pour bien vivre et régner: Tirez des Histoires de France et des Registres de la Chambres des Comptes avec le discours sur chacun d'iceux de Me A. Théveneau Advocat en Parlement ou sont reportez et interpretez plusieurs ordonnances touchant la police tant spirituelle que temporelle (Paris: J. Petitpas, 1627), 3.; as quoted in Boureau, "Les enseignements," 91. 65 For the development of the absolute monarchy, see Knecht, Richelieu, 135-47; Moote, Louis XIII, 155-74. 66 “PRO SCEPTRIS ARAS DAT TELLUS ET DEUS ASTRA.” 115
67 The Jesuit foundations building churches were the Collège de Clermont (begun 1628) and the Noviciate (begun 1630). Three Franciscan churches were started during this period, including the Capucins-du-Marais (begun 1624), the Récollets House in the Faubourg Saint Martin (begun 1630), and Sainte-Elisabeth (begun 1628). The Ursulines began building a church at their monastery in 1627, while the reformed Augustinians started Notre-Dame-des-Victoires in 1629 (this church will receive support from Louis XIII). The Filles du Calvaire, a reformed order of Benedictines, started construction in 1629. The French Oratorians began construction on a church in 1621. 68 For the division of religious ranks within the order, see John O'Malley, The First Jesuits (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), 345-56. For the name of the professed fathers in France, see Montgolfier, ed., Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, 13-16. 69 John O'Malley, "The Fourth Vow in Its Ignatian Context: A Historical Study," Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits 15, no. 1 (1983): 1-45. 70 The belief that Jesuits supported papal control over bishops stemmed from the Society’s help in defeating a proposal at the final session of the Council of Trent that would have declared the institution of bishops as iure divino. For a discussion of these events, see J. H. M. Salmon, "Catholic Resistance Theory, Ultramontanism, and the Royalist Response, 1580-1620," in The Cambridge History of Political Thought, 1450-1700, ed. J. H. Burns (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 231. 71 For French attitudes towards the Society during this period, see Nelson, Jesuits, 21-24. 72 For works attributing the initiative of the League to the Jesuits, see ibid., 24-36. 73 Ibid., 31. 74 Guenter Lewy, Constitutionalism and Statecraft During the Golden Age of Spain: A Study of the Political Philosophy of Juan de Mariana (Geneva: Droz, 1960), 134. 75 Juan de Mariana, De rege et regis institutione libri III (Toledo: Pedro Rodríguez, 1599). 76 For analyses of Mariana’s work see Harald E. Braun, Juan de Mariana and Early Modern Spanish Political Thought (Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007); Lewy, Constitutionalism. Braun argues that Mariana’s work was negatively received outside of Spain because it focused too heavily on the author’s stance on regicide, which was only discussed in chapter six of book one of De rege. Lewy argues that Mariana’s work contained an elaborate defense of tyrannicide. 77 Lewy, Constitutionalism, 69, n. 69. 78 Ibid., 142. 116
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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of
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Jacobins of the rue Saint-Honoré 1
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14. Clément Métezeau and Jacques
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45. Simon Vouet, Apotheosis of St.
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79. After Claude Chastillon, Carose
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ABSTRACT This study examines early
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The Buildings Of the ten newly-buil
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The Patrons: Maria de’ Medici and
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has been the focus of a wealth of a
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Although studies employing contextu
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the Society. By dedicating royal fu
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1 Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, "
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de' Medici (Princeton, New Jersey:
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CHAPTER 2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: F
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in the last twenty years as a serio
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pattern that would be repeated in e
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The Reign of Henri IV The move from
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The king’s second major accomplis
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etween Philip IV (1285-1314) and Po
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universal Church, he was recognized
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houses in Italy and Spain, these re
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Although concerns over internationa
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Although Maria never claimed to bel
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suggestions but leave the decisions
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as a double feast. 100 The king’s
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1 I use the terms Catholic Reform a
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20 Henri III was the third of four
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46 Beaune, Ideology, 176. 47 For th
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70 Hayden, "Continuity," 12. 71 Lou
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Jean Héroard, ed. Edouard de Barth
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which uses the seventeenth-century
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a more appropriate location. 11 In
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etween the Oratory’s founder and
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seventeenth century, prompting scho
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façade drew visual emphasis to the
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The emblem continued to be included
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esidence. Similar to its use in ant
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Page 131 and 132: 88 Laurence Brockliss, "Richelieu,
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Page 173 and 174: eign of Louis XIII. By looking at i
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Additional Churches supported by Lo
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palace chapel at Versailles, design
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founding, was first supported by St
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its position within the kingdom. In
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Scholarship shows that the reasons
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with Cardinal Richelieu, who refuse
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his preoccupation with the war, Lou
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12 Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussé
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39 Jean-Pierre Camus, Premières ho
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Amos, Funerals, Politics, and Memor
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cardinal; see Paul de Musset, Puyla
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One of the key contributions of thi
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Figure 1. Philippe de Champaigne, L
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Figure 3. Frans Pourbus the Younger
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Figure 5. French School, Pierre de
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Figure 7. Jean Marot, Veue de l’
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Figure 9. Clément Métezeau and Ja
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Figure 11. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
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Figure 13. Reconstructed map of the
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Figure 15. Saint-Germer-de-Fly, vie
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Figure 17. Sainte-Chapelle, upper c
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Figure 19. Jacques Lemercier, Churc
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Figure 21. Écu d’or of Louis XII
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Figure 23. Jacques Androuet du Cerc
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Figure 25. Map of territories durin
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Figure 27. Peter Paul Rubens, Trium
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Figure 29. Philippe de Champaigne,
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Figure 31. Saint Louis, obverse (le
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Figure 33. Andrea Sacchi and Jan Mi
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Figure 35. Foundation Stone of Sain
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Figure 37. G. Bonsegni, Il Gesù, r
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Figure 39. Detail of Kings rose win
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Figure 41. Etienne Martellange and
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Figure 43. Edme Moreau, High Altar
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Figure 45. Simon Vouet, The Apotheo
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Figure 51. Michel Corneille, St. Lo
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Figure 53. Studio of Simon Vouet, L
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Figure 57. Plan of the Church of th
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Figure 59. Plan of Saint-Joseph-des
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Figure 61. Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes,
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Figure 63. After Jean Marot, Eglise
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Figure 65. Jean-Baptiste-Michel Jai
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Figure 67. Jean-Aimar Piganiol de l
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Figure 69. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
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Figure 71. Nicolas-Michel Troche, F
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Figure 73. Henri de Gisors, detail
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Figure 75. Jacques de Bie, Device f
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Figure 77. Plan of the church of No
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Figure 79. After Claude Chastillon,
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Figure 81. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 83. Current plan of Notre-Da
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Figure 85. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 87. Foundation Stone of Notr
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Figure 89. Detail of a window at th
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Figure 91. E. Viollet-le-Duc, Recon
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Figure 93. Israël Silvestre, Vue d
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Figure 95. Plan de l’eglise de No
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1589 Henri IV becomes king of Franc
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Bibliothèque nationale de France D
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Archival Sources Archi
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Théveneau, Adam. Les Précepts du
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Billot, Claudine. "La fondation de
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Brunel, Georges. Dictionnaire des
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Currier, Charles Warren. History of
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Freiberg, Jack. The Lateran in 1600
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Johnson, Géraldine A. "Imagining I
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Lonergan, Walter F. Historic Church
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Montgolfier, Bernard de, ed. Saint-
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Romier, Lucien. Les origines politi
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Turchetti, Mario. "Middle Parties i
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Education: Teaching Experience: Nat
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