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79 For the Parlement of Paris’s attitude towards the Society and its desire to remove it from France, see Nelson, Jesuits, 46-49. The regional parlements at Rennes, Rouen, and Dijon also banished the Society for promoting regicide, but those in Bordeaux, Aix, and Toulouse allowed the religious group to stay; see Eric Nelson, "Interpreting the Edict of Rouen: Royal Patronage and the Expansion of the Jesuit Mission in France," Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu 72, no. 144 (2003): 406. 80 Lewy, Constitutionalism, 143. The decree was sent on 6 July 1610. 81 The specific publications are: Robert Bellarmine, Tractatus de potestate summi pontificis in rebus temporalibus adversus Gulielmum Barclaium (Cologne: Agrippa, 1610); Jacob Keller, Tyrannicidium sev scitum catholicorum de tyranni internecione adversus Calviani ministri calumnias (Munich: N. Henricum, 1611); Martin Becan, Controversia Anglicana de potestate Regis et pontificis, contra Lancelottum Andream (Mainz: Mogunt, 1612); Francisco Suarez, Defensio fidei catholicae et apostolicae adversus Anglicanae sectae errors, cum responsione ad apologiam pro juramento fidelitatis (Coimbra: Coloniae Agripinae, 1613). For a discussion of these works in relation to the temporal power of the pope over sovereign monarchs, see Bireley, Jesuits, 13-15; Harro Höpfl, Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State, c. 1540-1630 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 315-38; Lewy, Constitutionalism, 144-46. 82 For the Parlement’s and university’s reactions to the texts, see Bireley, Jesuits, 14. For Pope Paul V’s approval of Suarez’s publication, see Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes: From the Close of the Middle Ages, trans. Ernest Graf, 38 vols. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1952), 26: 27-28. 83 Lewy, Constitutionalism, 147. The decree was sent on 1 August 1614. 84 Antonio Santarelli, Tractatus de haeresi, schismate, apostasia, sollicitatione in sacramento Poenitentiae, et de potestate Romani Pontificis in his delictis puniendis (Rome: B. Zannetti, 1625). For the most thorough accounts of the events surrounding the reception of this work in Paris, which is known as the Santarelli affair, see Fouqueray, Histoire, 4:140-90; Victor Martin, Le Gallicanisme politique et le clergé de France (Paris: Editions Auguste Picard, 1929), 163- 244. 85 Responses aux considérations sur le livre de Sanctarel jésuite, (France [?]: 1626). A copy of the pamphlet is in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. 86 The Parlement of Paris condemned the book on 13 March 1626; the Jesuits signed the condemnation of the book on 16 March. For these events, see Fouqueray, Histoire, 4:146-59. 87 The faculty of theology censured the work on 4 April 1626, see ibid., 4:172-75. For the faculty’s statement about the book, see Pastor, History, 28:395. 117
88 Laurence Brockliss, "Richelieu, Education, and the State," in Richelieu and his Age, ed. Joseph Bergin and Laurence Brockliss (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), 259-60. 89 Christian Jouhaud and Suzanne Toczyski, "Richelieu, or 'Baroque' Power in Action," Yale French Studies, no. 80 (1991): 199. 90 For the pope’s views on the Santarelli affair, see Pastor, History, 28:394-97. 91 Brockliss, "Richelieu," 255. 92 The day after the Jesuits signed the condemnation, the Parlement, unsatisfied with the results, attempted to bring a case of high treason against the Society; see Fouqueray, Histoire, 4:159. In October 1626 the faculty demanded that their censure be read publicly every year as a reminder of the Jesuit connection to works advocating the absolute power of the pope; see Brockliss, "Richelieu," 260. 93 For Louis XIII’s concern for his authority, see Martin, Le Gallicanisme, 229. 94 On 3 May and 18 July Louis XIII issued similar decrees, which had little effect on the debate. 95 The faculty revoked the censure on 2 January 1627; see Martin, Le Gallicanisme, 229-31. 96 Richelieu stated that the court was content with the Jesuits’ decision to sign the condemnation; see Fouqueray, Histoire, 4:159. 97 Nelson, Jesuits, 6. 98 For Henri IV’s relationship with the Paris Parlement, see ibid., 39-41, 82-95. 99 The stipulations in the edict required each member to take a loyalty oath before a royal officer, respect the established rights and privileges of French bishops in the spiritual and temporal realms, and deny his right to preach, administer the sacraments, or hear confession of non-Jesuits without special permission. Additional regulations included a requirement that all Jesuits working in France be French citizens and that a member of the Society had to reside at the court. For further examination of the edict, see Nelson, "Interpreting the Edict," 405-26. 100 Sharon Kettering proposes the idea of a patron-client exchange and the resulting obligation of reciprocation. For more on this topic, see Kettering, "Gift-Giving," 131-51. 101 Most of the original artwork was removed in 1792, at which time it was taken to a warehouse where it was stored with other works seized during the French Revolution. For the works of art removed from the church, see Boinet, Églises parisiennes, 130-33. 102 The high altar was dismantled when the Jesuits left the church in 1762. For the high altar, see Fréderic Cousinié, Le Saint des Saints: Maîtres-autels et retables parisiens du XVIIe siècle 118
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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of
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Jacobins of the rue Saint-Honoré 1
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14. Clément Métezeau and Jacques
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45. Simon Vouet, Apotheosis of St.
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79. After Claude Chastillon, Carose
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ABSTRACT This study examines early
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The Buildings Of the ten newly-buil
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The Patrons: Maria de’ Medici and
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has been the focus of a wealth of a
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Although studies employing contextu
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the Society. By dedicating royal fu
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1 Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, "
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de' Medici (Princeton, New Jersey:
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CHAPTER 2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: F
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in the last twenty years as a serio
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pattern that would be repeated in e
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The Reign of Henri IV The move from
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The king’s second major accomplis
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etween Philip IV (1285-1314) and Po
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universal Church, he was recognized
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houses in Italy and Spain, these re
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Although concerns over internationa
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Although Maria never claimed to bel
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suggestions but leave the decisions
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as a double feast. 100 The king’s
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1 I use the terms Catholic Reform a
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20 Henri III was the third of four
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46 Beaune, Ideology, 176. 47 For th
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70 Hayden, "Continuity," 12. 71 Lou
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Jean Héroard, ed. Edouard de Barth
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which uses the seventeenth-century
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a more appropriate location. 11 In
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etween the Oratory’s founder and
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seventeenth century, prompting scho
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façade drew visual emphasis to the
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The emblem continued to be included
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esidence. Similar to its use in ant
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courts, attended a similar ceremony
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palace chapel at Versailles, design
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founding, was first supported by St
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its position within the kingdom. In
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Scholarship shows that the reasons
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with Cardinal Richelieu, who refuse
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his preoccupation with the war, Lou
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12 Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussé
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39 Jean-Pierre Camus, Premières ho
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Amos, Funerals, Politics, and Memor
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cardinal; see Paul de Musset, Puyla
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One of the key contributions of thi
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Figure 1. Philippe de Champaigne, L
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Figure 3. Frans Pourbus the Younger
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Figure 5. French School, Pierre de
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Figure 7. Jean Marot, Veue de l’
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Figure 9. Clément Métezeau and Ja
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Figure 11. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
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Figure 13. Reconstructed map of the
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Figure 15. Saint-Germer-de-Fly, vie
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Figure 17. Sainte-Chapelle, upper c
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Figure 19. Jacques Lemercier, Churc
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Figure 21. Écu d’or of Louis XII
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Figure 23. Jacques Androuet du Cerc
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Figure 25. Map of territories durin
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Figure 27. Peter Paul Rubens, Trium
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Figure 29. Philippe de Champaigne,
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Figure 31. Saint Louis, obverse (le
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Figure 33. Andrea Sacchi and Jan Mi
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Figure 35. Foundation Stone of Sain
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Figure 37. G. Bonsegni, Il Gesù, r
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Figure 39. Detail of Kings rose win
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Figure 41. Etienne Martellange and
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Figure 43. Edme Moreau, High Altar
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Figure 45. Simon Vouet, The Apotheo
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Figure 51. Michel Corneille, St. Lo
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Figure 53. Studio of Simon Vouet, L
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Figure 57. Plan of the Church of th
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Figure 59. Plan of Saint-Joseph-des
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Figure 61. Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes,
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Figure 63. After Jean Marot, Eglise
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Figure 65. Jean-Baptiste-Michel Jai
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Figure 67. Jean-Aimar Piganiol de l
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Figure 69. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
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Figure 71. Nicolas-Michel Troche, F
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Figure 73. Henri de Gisors, detail
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Figure 75. Jacques de Bie, Device f
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Figure 77. Plan of the church of No
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Figure 79. After Claude Chastillon,
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Figure 81. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 83. Current plan of Notre-Da
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Figure 85. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 87. Foundation Stone of Notr
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Figure 89. Detail of a window at th
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Figure 91. E. Viollet-le-Duc, Recon
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Figure 93. Israël Silvestre, Vue d
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Figure 95. Plan de l’eglise de No
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1589 Henri IV becomes king of Franc
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Bibliothèque nationale de France D
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Archival Sources Archi
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Théveneau, Adam. Les Précepts du
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Billot, Claudine. "La fondation de
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Brunel, Georges. Dictionnaire des
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Currier, Charles Warren. History of
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Freiberg, Jack. The Lateran in 1600
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Johnson, Géraldine A. "Imagining I
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Lonergan, Walter F. Historic Church
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Montgolfier, Bernard de, ed. Saint-
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Romier, Lucien. Les origines politi
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Turchetti, Mario. "Middle Parties i
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Education: Teaching Experience: Nat
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