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17 “MARIA MEDICAEA, PIENTISSIMA ET SERENISSIMA FRANCORUM REGINA,<br />

HENRICI IV. OLIM CONJUX, NUNC VIDUA, ET LUDOVICI XIII. FRANCORUM REGIS<br />

MATER; EXTRUENDI HUJUS TEMPLI ERGO, QUOD HONORI B. DEI GENITRICIS<br />

MARIAE VOTUM ET DICATUM EST, EJUSDEM VIRGINIS NATALI DIE, ET 6. IDUS<br />

SEPTEMB. 1611. PRIMARIUM LAPIDEM PRO FUNDAMENTO POSUIT, CHRISTIANE<br />

PRORSUS ET FELICITER.” Germain Brice recorded the inscription in its original Latin while<br />

Hilarion de Coste translated it to French; see Brice, Description 2:217; Coste, Les éloges, 494.<br />

18 Henri IV named Maria de’ Medici as regent on 13 May 1610, the day before he was<br />

assassinated, in preparation for a military campaign against the duchy <strong>of</strong> Jülich. For<br />

contemporary perceptions <strong>of</strong> women as rulers, see Johnson, "Imagining Images," 131; Wilson-<br />

Chevalier, "Women," 35, 38.<br />

19 Johnson, "Imagining Images," 130-31.<br />

20 For the ongoing challenges between the princes <strong>of</strong> the blood <strong>and</strong> Maria de’ Medici, especially<br />

during the first four years <strong>of</strong> the regency, see Carmona, Marie de Médicis, 234-48. Katherine<br />

Crawford argues that Maria de’ Medici created an image <strong>of</strong> divine motherhood to counteract the<br />

princes <strong>of</strong> the blood; see Crawford, Perilous Performances, 74-79.<br />

21 For Maria de’ Medici’s favorable disposition towards the Discalced Carmelites, see André<br />

Hallays, Le couvent des Carmes, 1613-1913 (Paris: Librairie Bloud, 1913), 8-9.<br />

22 The master <strong>of</strong> the Chambres des Comptes was a high-ranking position in the sovereign courts.<br />

For an account <strong>of</strong> Nicolas Vivian’s extensive support for the Parisian community <strong>of</strong> Discalced<br />

Carmelites, see Archives Nationales, LL 1500, Martirologe de la sacristie du Couvent de Saint<br />

Joseph des Carmes Déchausséz, fols. 1-5.<br />

23 This was the first church in Paris dedicated to St. Joseph.<br />

24 For Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes, see Biver, Abbayes, 398-416; Boinet, Eglises parisiennes, 42-<br />

66; Dumolin <strong>and</strong> Outardel, Églises de France, 128-31; Michel Dupuy, L'église Saint-Joseph-des-<br />

Carmes (Paris: Editions SAEP, 1993); Hallays, Le couvent; Jacques Vanuxem, Saint-Joseph des<br />

Carmes (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1946). Since 1875 the church has been part <strong>of</strong> the Institut<br />

Catholique de Paris.<br />

25 The dome is made <strong>of</strong> wood covered in plaster. The first dome in Paris was at the chapel des<br />

Louanges at the convent <strong>of</strong> the Petits-Augustins from 1608.<br />

26 The paintings in the crossing were done by the Flemish painters Bertholet Flémalle <strong>and</strong><br />

Walthère Damery. The dome depicts the prophet Elijah rising to the sky on a chariot <strong>of</strong> fire<br />

while the drum shows the prophet’s disciples. The pendentives show scenes from the life <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Virgin Mary, St. Teresa, St. John <strong>of</strong> the Cross, <strong>and</strong> St. Mary Magdelene <strong>of</strong> Pazzi. For the<br />

paintings, see Biver, Abbayes, 406; Boinet, Églises parisiennes, 59. For Carmelite art in general,<br />

150

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