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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures vi Abstract xiii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: FACTORS PROMPTING ROYAL PATRONAGE OF CHURCHES 16 Wars of Religion 17 The Reign of Henri IV 22 Catholic Reformation in France 27 Reigns of Maria de’ Medici and Louis XIII 31 3. LOUIS XIII AND THE CHURCH OF THE FRENCH ORATORY: AN EXPRESION OF SOVEREIGN AUTHORITY 49 The Congrégation des Pères de l’Oratoire de France and Its Church 50 The Church as a Symbol of Louis XIII 55 Factors Influencing Louis XIII’s Decision 64 Conclusion 71 4. SAINT-LOUIS-DES-JÉSUITES: LOUIS XIII’S MOVE TOWARDS ABSOLUTISM 85 The Church 86 The Foundation Stone 88 Louis XIII and the Need for an Authoritative Image 96 Interior Decorative Program of Saint-Louis-des-Jésuites 101 Richelieu’s Façade 106 5. MARIA DE’ MEDICI AND PARISIAN CHURCHES: THE USE AND DISUSE OF ROYAL SIGNS 123 The Regent Queen’s Support of Churches, from 1610 to 1617 125 The Minims of the Place Royale 125 Discalced Carmelites of the rue de Vaugirard 128 Récollets 132 iv
Jacobins of the rue Saint-Honoré 133 Summary 134 Maria de’ Medici’s Support of Churches after Her First Exile 135 Filles du Calvaire 135 Notre-Dame-de-Pitié 140 Conclusion 146 6. FROM NOTRE-DAME-DES-VICTOIRES TO NOTRE-DAME-DE-PARIS: 158 THE SHIFTING PRIORITIES OF LOUIS XIII (1629-1638) The Augustins Déchaussés and the Construction of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires 160 Additional Churches Supported by Louis XIII 166 Sainte-Chapelle 166 The Chapel of St. Ursula at the Sorbonne 169 The Cathedral of Notre-Dame of Paris 171 France and Spain 173 Conclusion 177 7. CONCLUSION 187 FIGURES 190 APPENDICES 286 A. TIMELINE OF MAJOR EVENTS 286 B. PERMISSION TO USE IMAGES 288 BIBLIOGRAPHY 290 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 312 v
Page 1 and 2: FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
Page 3: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of
Page 7 and 8: 14. Clément Métezeau and Jacques
Page 9 and 10: 45. Simon Vouet, Apotheosis of St.
Page 11 and 12: 79. After Claude Chastillon, Carose
Page 13 and 14: ABSTRACT This study examines early
Page 15 and 16: The Buildings Of the ten newly-buil
Page 17 and 18: The Patrons: Maria de’ Medici and
Page 19 and 20: has been the focus of a wealth of a
Page 21 and 22: Although studies employing contextu
Page 23 and 24: the Society. By dedicating royal fu
Page 25 and 26: 1 Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, "
Page 27 and 28: de' Medici (Princeton, New Jersey:
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: F
Page 31 and 32: in the last twenty years as a serio
Page 33 and 34: pattern that would be repeated in e
Page 35 and 36: The Reign of Henri IV The move from
Page 37 and 38: The king’s second major accomplis
Page 39 and 40: etween Philip IV (1285-1314) and Po
Page 41 and 42: universal Church, he was recognized
Page 43 and 44: houses in Italy and Spain, these re
Page 45 and 46: Although concerns over internationa
Page 47 and 48: Although Maria never claimed to bel
Page 49 and 50: suggestions but leave the decisions
Page 51 and 52: as a double feast. 100 The king’s
Page 53 and 54: 1 I use the terms Catholic Reform a
Page 55 and 56:
20 Henri III was the third of four
Page 57 and 58:
46 Beaune, Ideology, 176. 47 For th
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70 Hayden, "Continuity," 12. 71 Lou
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Jean Héroard, ed. Edouard de Barth
Page 63 and 64:
which uses the seventeenth-century
Page 65 and 66:
a more appropriate location. 11 In
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etween the Oratory’s founder and
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seventeenth century, prompting scho
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façade drew visual emphasis to the
Page 73 and 74:
The emblem continued to be included
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esidence. Similar to its use in ant
Page 77 and 78:
courts, attended a similar ceremony
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of the society were planning regici
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Upon reentering the royal council i
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emind him that at present there was
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1 Fumaroli, "Cross," 88-102; Le Pas
Page 87 and 88:
the church, including the interior
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31 Archives Nationales, MM 600, Vis
Page 91 and 92:
51 For twin-towered facades associa
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Marilyn Aronberg Lavin (New York: I
Page 95 and 96:
99 Archives Nationales MM 562 f. 3-
Page 97 and 98:
125 Archives Nationales MM 623 f. 9
Page 99 and 100:
By examining the precise manner of
Page 101 and 102:
arcade, replacing it with a project
Page 103 and 104:
a halo surrounding his head. The me
Page 105 and 106:
place, the event was the first time
Page 107 and 108:
Although David and Solomon had trad
Page 109 and 110:
on the robe and crown and at the en
Page 111 and 112:
king, who backed the Protestant Hen
Page 113 and 114:
Catholic world, any objection it ma
Page 115 and 116:
The current arrangement of the apse
Page 117 and 118:
L surmounted by a royal crown and f
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figure first occurred in the west o
Page 121 and 122:
the façade reiterates the place of
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1 Today it is the parish church of
Page 125 and 126:
discussion of the plan and its popu
Page 127 and 128:
43 For Philip II as Solomon and the
Page 129 and 130:
67 The Jesuit foundations building
Page 131 and 132:
88 Laurence Brockliss, "Richelieu,
Page 133 and 134:
110 For the meaning of the central
Page 135 and 136:
135 For a discussion of Richelieu
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had exercised by the end of the reg
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King Louis XI (1461-1483) and immed
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in the fifteenth century and most r
Page 143 and 144:
The queen would have also welcomed
Page 145 and 146:
Like Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes the re
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and pierced with windows. The faça
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protector and establishing a close
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and in the entablature of the choir
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The queen certainly believed that s
Page 155 and 156:
the image the rectangular foundatio
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Medici’s patronage of the Religio
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use her support of the Religious of
Page 161 and 162:
1 The dates represent the start of
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17 “MARIA MEDICAEA, PIENTISSIMA E
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Baptiste-Michel Renou de Chevigné
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du Roi des Rois pour la conservatri
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Zusammenhang, ed. Joachim Poeschke
Page 171 and 172:
CHAPTER 6 FROM NOTRE-DAME-DES-VICTO
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eign of Louis XIII. By looking at i
Page 175 and 176:
choir are two additional rooms. Tho
Page 177 and 178:
Moreover not all foundation stones
Page 179 and 180:
Additional Churches supported by Lo
Page 181 and 182:
palace chapel at Versailles, design
Page 183 and 184:
founding, was first supported by St
Page 185 and 186:
its position within the kingdom. In
Page 187 and 188:
Scholarship shows that the reasons
Page 189 and 190:
with Cardinal Richelieu, who refuse
Page 191 and 192:
his preoccupation with the war, Lou
Page 193 and 194:
12 Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussé
Page 195 and 196:
39 Jean-Pierre Camus, Premières ho
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Amos, Funerals, Politics, and Memor
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cardinal; see Paul de Musset, Puyla
Page 201 and 202:
One of the key contributions of thi
Page 203 and 204:
Figure 1. Philippe de Champaigne, L
Page 205 and 206:
Figure 3. Frans Pourbus the Younger
Page 207 and 208:
Figure 5. French School, Pierre de
Page 209 and 210:
Figure 7. Jean Marot, Veue de l’
Page 211 and 212:
Figure 9. Clément Métezeau and Ja
Page 213 and 214:
Figure 11. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
Page 215 and 216:
Figure 13. Reconstructed map of the
Page 217 and 218:
Figure 15. Saint-Germer-de-Fly, vie
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Figure 17. Sainte-Chapelle, upper c
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Figure 19. Jacques Lemercier, Churc
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Figure 21. Écu d’or of Louis XII
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Figure 23. Jacques Androuet du Cerc
Page 227 and 228:
Figure 25. Map of territories durin
Page 229 and 230:
Figure 27. Peter Paul Rubens, Trium
Page 231 and 232:
Figure 29. Philippe de Champaigne,
Page 233 and 234:
Figure 31. Saint Louis, obverse (le
Page 235 and 236:
Figure 33. Andrea Sacchi and Jan Mi
Page 237 and 238:
Figure 35. Foundation Stone of Sain
Page 239 and 240:
Figure 37. G. Bonsegni, Il Gesù, r
Page 241 and 242:
Figure 39. Detail of Kings rose win
Page 243 and 244:
Figure 41. Etienne Martellange and
Page 245 and 246:
Figure 43. Edme Moreau, High Altar
Page 247 and 248:
Figure 45. Simon Vouet, The Apotheo
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Figure 51. Michel Corneille, St. Lo
Page 255 and 256:
Figure 53. Studio of Simon Vouet, L
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Figure 57. Plan of the Church of th
Page 261 and 262:
Figure 59. Plan of Saint-Joseph-des
Page 263 and 264:
Figure 61. Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes,
Page 265 and 266:
Figure 63. After Jean Marot, Eglise
Page 267 and 268:
Figure 65. Jean-Baptiste-Michel Jai
Page 269 and 270:
Figure 67. Jean-Aimar Piganiol de l
Page 271 and 272:
Figure 69. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
Page 273 and 274:
Figure 71. Nicolas-Michel Troche, F
Page 275 and 276:
Figure 73. Henri de Gisors, detail
Page 277 and 278:
Figure 75. Jacques de Bie, Device f
Page 279 and 280:
Figure 77. Plan of the church of No
Page 281 and 282:
Figure 79. After Claude Chastillon,
Page 283 and 284:
Figure 81. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
Page 285 and 286:
Figure 83. Current plan of Notre-Da
Page 287 and 288:
Figure 85. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
Page 289 and 290:
Figure 87. Foundation Stone of Notr
Page 291 and 292:
Figure 89. Detail of a window at th
Page 293 and 294:
Figure 91. E. Viollet-le-Duc, Recon
Page 295 and 296:
Figure 93. Israël Silvestre, Vue d
Page 297 and 298:
Figure 95. Plan de l’eglise de No
Page 299 and 300:
1589 Henri IV becomes king of Franc
Page 301 and 302:
Bibliothèque nationale de France D
Page 303 and 304:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Archival Sources Archi
Page 305 and 306:
Théveneau, Adam. Les Précepts du
Page 307 and 308:
Billot, Claudine. "La fondation de
Page 309 and 310:
Brunel, Georges. Dictionnaire des
Page 311 and 312:
Currier, Charles Warren. History of
Page 313 and 314:
Freiberg, Jack. The Lateran in 1600
Page 315 and 316:
Johnson, Géraldine A. "Imagining I
Page 317 and 318:
Lonergan, Walter F. Historic Church
Page 319 and 320:
Montgolfier, Bernard de, ed. Saint-
Page 321 and 322:
Romier, Lucien. Les origines politi
Page 323 and 324:
Turchetti, Mario. "Middle Parties i
Page 325 and 326:
Education: Teaching Experience: Nat
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