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1 For studies that view the church in this manner, see Louis Blond, Notre-Dame des Victoires et le Voeu de Louis XIII: Origine et publication du Voeu (Paris: Presses Modernes, 1938); G. Breffy, Notre-Dame des Victoires (Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1925); Edouard Lambert, Notice historique sur l'église de Notre-Dame des Victoires (Paris: Curot, 1872). For general surveys of the church, see Biver, Abbayes, 204-22; Boinet, Eglises parisiennes, 152-72; Dumolin and Outardel, Eglises de France, 143-45; La Basilique Notre-Dame des Victoires. Sanctuaire Marial au coeur de Paris, (Paris: La Basilique Notre-Dame des Victoires, s.d.). 2 Le Pas de Sécheval, "Politique artistique,” 429-30. Le Pas de Sécheval’s analysis of Louis XIII’s support of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires is limited to two pages, precluding any in-depth discussion of the topic. 3 Martin Schieder, "Fondation royale et temple des arts: L'église Notre-Dame-des-Victoires à Paris," in Place des Victoires: Histoire, architecture, société, ed. Isabelle Dubois, Alexandre Gady, and Hendrik Ziegler (Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 2003), 197- 213. 4 Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussés." 5 For the history of the reformed Augustinian order, see ibid., 1-12; Pierre Thomas Nicolas Hurtaut, Dictionnaire historique de la ville de Paris et de ses environs, 4 vols. (Geneva: Minkoff Reprint, 1973), 1: 346-51; Lambert, Notice historique, 3-14. 6 Marguerite de Valois was the daughter of King Henri II and the first wife of Henri IV. 7 For reasons that are not clear, in 1612 Marguerite de Valois broke the contract that she had made with the Augustins Déchaussés, forcing the fathers to return to monasteries in Avignon and Villars-Benoît. Possible causes were the princess’ aversion to the fathers’ vigorous evangelism and violations in the contract; see Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussés," 17. 8 For the construction history, see ibid., 329-31. The other architects known to have worked on the church in the seventeenth century include Libéral Bruant, most likely in 1656, and Gabriel Le Duc in 1663. 9 The first person to suggest this is Father Isidore de Sainte-Madeleine, who wrote a history of the monastery in the eighteenth century. The original manuscript burned, but Edouard Lambert had previously made a copy of it. For the copy, see Bibliothèque Historique de la Ville de Paris, ms. CP 3548. For later scholars agreeing with this statement, see ibid., 26; Schieder, "Fondation royale," 203. 10 This room is the only existing part of the monastery, which was destroyed in 1858. 11 For the work of Rebillé, see Schieder, "Fondation royale," 205. The dome was not built due to the high cost of constructing it. 179
12 Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussés," 329. 13 Schieder suggests that the church was influenced by the Gesù; see Schieder, "Fondation royale," 204. 14 Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussés," 334. 15 Joan Evans states that the order lacked a homogenous style of art or architecture; see Evans, Monastic Architecture, 77. For a lack of unity in observances among the congregations in Spain, Italy, and France, see Charles Warren Currier, History of Religious Orders (New York: Murphy and McCarthy, 1894), 311. 16 The archbishop of Paris at this time was Jean-François de Gondi. The placement of the foundation stone in the choir is recorded in Archives Nationales LL 1477, Registres capitulaires, 1678-1724, fol. 1. 17 The foundation stone is described in a number of sources; see Archives Nationales LL 1477, Registres capitulaires, 1678-1724, fol. 1; Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussés," 26-27; Lambert, Notice historique, 22-26; Piganiol de la Force, Description historique, 3:85. 18 This fact was recorded by Father Isidore de Sainte-Madeleine, who wrote the manuscript history of the monastery, which later burned (see note 9). For other authors that had seen the original archival document, see Lambert, Notice historique, 22, n. 1; Piganiol de la Force, Description historique, 3:85. 19 For Saint-Louis-des-Jésuites, see Piganiol de la Force, Description historique, 5:2-3. For Notre-Dame-de-Pitié, see ibid., 4:356-59. 20 For the foundation stone for the church of the French Oratorians, see Archives Nationales MM 623, fol. 78; Ingold, Oratoire, 14. For the stone at Notre-Dame-du-Calvaire, see Piganiol de la Force, Description historique, 7:271-72. 21 For the painting, see Lambert, Notice historique, 88-89. 22 Archives Nationales L 923, Lettres Patentes du Roy, de la Fondation Royale du Monastere de Notre-Dame des Victoires, fol. 2. 23 For the meeting and its results, see Lambert, Notice historique, 13-14. 24 For the vote, see ibid., 13. 25 For Barbiche’s interpretation of the events leading to the royal foundation, see Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussés," 24-25. 180
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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of
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Jacobins of the rue Saint-Honoré 1
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14. Clément Métezeau and Jacques
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45. Simon Vouet, Apotheosis of St.
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79. After Claude Chastillon, Carose
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ABSTRACT This study examines early
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The Buildings Of the ten newly-buil
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The Patrons: Maria de’ Medici and
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has been the focus of a wealth of a
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Although studies employing contextu
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the Society. By dedicating royal fu
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1 Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, "
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de' Medici (Princeton, New Jersey:
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CHAPTER 2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: F
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in the last twenty years as a serio
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pattern that would be repeated in e
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The Reign of Henri IV The move from
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The king’s second major accomplis
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etween Philip IV (1285-1314) and Po
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universal Church, he was recognized
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houses in Italy and Spain, these re
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Although concerns over internationa
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Although Maria never claimed to bel
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suggestions but leave the decisions
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as a double feast. 100 The king’s
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1 I use the terms Catholic Reform a
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20 Henri III was the third of four
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46 Beaune, Ideology, 176. 47 For th
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70 Hayden, "Continuity," 12. 71 Lou
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Jean Héroard, ed. Edouard de Barth
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which uses the seventeenth-century
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a more appropriate location. 11 In
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etween the Oratory’s founder and
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seventeenth century, prompting scho
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façade drew visual emphasis to the
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The emblem continued to be included
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esidence. Similar to its use in ant
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courts, attended a similar ceremony
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of the society were planning regici
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Upon reentering the royal council i
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emind him that at present there was
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1 Fumaroli, "Cross," 88-102; Le Pas
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the church, including the interior
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31 Archives Nationales, MM 600, Vis
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51 For twin-towered facades associa
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Marilyn Aronberg Lavin (New York: I
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99 Archives Nationales MM 562 f. 3-
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125 Archives Nationales MM 623 f. 9
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By examining the precise manner of
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arcade, replacing it with a project
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a halo surrounding his head. The me
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place, the event was the first time
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Although David and Solomon had trad
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on the robe and crown and at the en
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king, who backed the Protestant Hen
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Catholic world, any objection it ma
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The current arrangement of the apse
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L surmounted by a royal crown and f
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figure first occurred in the west o
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the façade reiterates the place of
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1 Today it is the parish church of
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discussion of the plan and its popu
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43 For Philip II as Solomon and the
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67 The Jesuit foundations building
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88 Laurence Brockliss, "Richelieu,
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110 For the meaning of the central
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135 For a discussion of Richelieu
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had exercised by the end of the reg
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King Louis XI (1461-1483) and immed
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Page 173 and 174: eign of Louis XIII. By looking at i
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Figure 41. Etienne Martellange and
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Figure 43. Edme Moreau, High Altar
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Figure 45. Simon Vouet, The Apotheo
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Figure 51. Michel Corneille, St. Lo
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Figure 53. Studio of Simon Vouet, L
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Figure 57. Plan of the Church of th
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Figure 59. Plan of Saint-Joseph-des
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Figure 61. Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes,
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Figure 63. After Jean Marot, Eglise
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Figure 65. Jean-Baptiste-Michel Jai
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Figure 67. Jean-Aimar Piganiol de l
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Figure 69. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
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Figure 71. Nicolas-Michel Troche, F
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Figure 73. Henri de Gisors, detail
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Figure 75. Jacques de Bie, Device f
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Figure 77. Plan of the church of No
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Figure 79. After Claude Chastillon,
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Figure 81. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 83. Current plan of Notre-Da
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Figure 85. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 87. Foundation Stone of Notr
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Figure 89. Detail of a window at th
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Figure 91. E. Viollet-le-Duc, Recon
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Figure 93. Israël Silvestre, Vue d
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Figure 95. Plan de l’eglise de No
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1589 Henri IV becomes king of Franc
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Bibliothèque nationale de France D
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Archival Sources Archi
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Théveneau, Adam. Les Précepts du
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Billot, Claudine. "La fondation de
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Brunel, Georges. Dictionnaire des
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Currier, Charles Warren. History of
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Freiberg, Jack. The Lateran in 1600
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Johnson, Géraldine A. "Imagining I
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Lonergan, Walter F. Historic Church
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Montgolfier, Bernard de, ed. Saint-
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Romier, Lucien. Les origines politi
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Turchetti, Mario. "Middle Parties i
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Education: Teaching Experience: Nat
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