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For a recent translation of the edict, see Richard L. Goodbar, ed., The Edict of Nantes: Five Essays and a New Translation (Bloomington, MN: The National Huguenot Society, 1998). 31 In the late 1590s the Calvinist theologian, Jean de Serres, made the suggestion to unite the two confessions under one patriarch, who would develop a new liturgy and sacraments determined by reciprocal concessions. In 1607 Jean Hotman de Villiers suggested the model comparable to the Church of England. For more on these two attempts, see Holt, French Wars, 170; Venard, "Grand cassure," 313. 32 For France’s financial recovery, see Greengrass, France, 172-81; Mousnier, Henry IV, 184-98. 33 For Henri’s marriage to Maria de’ Medici, see Mousnier, Henry IV, 152. Henri had been married to Marguerite de Valois since 1572. The pope, however, decided to annul the childless marriage, which allowed the king to marry Maria in April 1600. 34 For Henri IV’s urban renewal of Paris, see Ballon, Henri IV. 35 Henri had two other projects that were abandoned after his death, the Place de France (1609) and the Collège de France (1610). For more on the unfinished projects as well as the completed ones, see ibid. 36 Ibid., 12. 37 Ibid., 5. 38 For this legend and its meaning, see Beaune, Ideology, 77-79. 39 Richard A. Jackson, Vive le roi! A History of the French Coronation from Charles V to Charles X (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984), 22. 40 For the history of the king’s ability to heal scrofula, see Marc Bloch, The Royal Touch: Sacred Monarchy and Scrofula in England and France, trans. J. E. Anderson (London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1973). 41 Ibid., 69-81; Jackson, Vive le roi, 22, 33. 42 For the history and meaning of this epithet, see Beaune, Ideology, 172-93. 43 For an introduction to Gallicanism, see Jotham Parsons, The Church in the Republic: Gallicanism and Political Ideology in Renaissance France (Washington, D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2004), 3-8. 44 This definition of Gallicanism at the time of Henri IV is given in ibid., 97. 45 Wolfe, Conversion, 48. 43
46 Beaune, Ideology, 176. 47 For this definition of the Catholic Reformation, see Bireley, Refashioning, 2. For important additional literature on the Catholic Reformation, see John Bossy, Christianity in the West, 1400- 1700 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985); Jean Delumeau, Catholicism between Luther and Voltaire: A New View of the Counter-Reformation (London: Burns and Oates, 1977); H. Outram Evennett, The Spirit of the Counter-Reformation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968); John O'Malley, "Was Ignatius Loyola a Church Reformer: How to Look at Early Modern Catholicism," Catholic Historical Review 77 (1991): 177-93. 48 For an overview of the council’s goals and actions, see Bireley, Refashioning, 45-57. 49 Ibid., 57-58. 50 Mousnier, Henry IV, 160. 51 Two examples of this scholarship are found in Paul Broutin, La réforme pastorale en France au XVIIe siècle, 2 vols. (Paris: Desclée, 1956); Raymond Deville, The French School of Spirituality: An Introduction and Reader, trans. Agnes Cunningham (Pitsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1994). 52 Numerous sources exist for this type of scholarship, which mainly focuses on regional examples of popular belief. Among the most important sources, which also provides a general introduction to the Catholic Reformation in France, see Barbara B. Diefendorf and Virginia Reinburg, "Catholic Reform and Religious Coexistence," in Renaissance and Reformation France, ed. Mack P. Holt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 176-201. For additional recent sources on the Catholic Reformation in France, see Robin Briggs, Communities of Belief: Cultural and Social Tension in Early Modern France (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), 364-80; Kettering, French Society, 96-106; Élisabeth Labrousse and Robert Sauzet, "La lente mise en place de la réforme tridentine (1598-1661)," in Histoire de la France religieuse, ed. Jacques Le Goff and René Rémond (Paris: Seuil, 1988), 321-474; Denis Richet, "La Contre-reforme Catholique en France dans la premiere moitié du XVIIe siècle," De la Réforme à la Révolution: études sur la France moderne (1991): 83-95. 53 Diefendorf, Penitence; Elizabeth Rapley, The Dévotes: Women and Church in Seventeenth- Century France (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990). 54 For the French kingdom’s relationship with the Council of Trent, see Alain Tallon, La France et le Concile de Trente (1518-1563) (Rome: École française de Rome, 1997). 55 Mousnier, Henry IV, 160, 66-67. 56 Tallon, France, 412. 44
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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of
Page 5 and 6: Jacobins of the rue Saint-Honoré 1
Page 7 and 8: 14. Clément Métezeau and Jacques
Page 9 and 10: 45. Simon Vouet, Apotheosis of St.
Page 11 and 12: 79. After Claude Chastillon, Carose
Page 13 and 14: ABSTRACT This study examines early
Page 15 and 16: The Buildings Of the ten newly-buil
Page 17 and 18: The Patrons: Maria de’ Medici and
Page 19 and 20: has been the focus of a wealth of a
Page 21 and 22: Although studies employing contextu
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Page 25 and 26: 1 Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, "
Page 27 and 28: de' Medici (Princeton, New Jersey:
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: F
Page 31 and 32: in the last twenty years as a serio
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Page 35 and 36: The Reign of Henri IV The move from
Page 37 and 38: The king’s second major accomplis
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Page 59 and 60: 70 Hayden, "Continuity," 12. 71 Lou
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Page 95 and 96: 99 Archives Nationales MM 562 f. 3-
Page 97 and 98: 125 Archives Nationales MM 623 f. 9
Page 99 and 100: By examining the precise manner of
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Although David and Solomon had trad
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on the robe and crown and at the en
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king, who backed the Protestant Hen
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Catholic world, any objection it ma
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The current arrangement of the apse
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L surmounted by a royal crown and f
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figure first occurred in the west o
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the façade reiterates the place of
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1 Today it is the parish church of
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discussion of the plan and its popu
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43 For Philip II as Solomon and the
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67 The Jesuit foundations building
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88 Laurence Brockliss, "Richelieu,
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110 For the meaning of the central
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135 For a discussion of Richelieu
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had exercised by the end of the reg
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King Louis XI (1461-1483) and immed
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in the fifteenth century and most r
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The queen would have also welcomed
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Like Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes the re
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and pierced with windows. The faça
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protector and establishing a close
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and in the entablature of the choir
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The queen certainly believed that s
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the image the rectangular foundatio
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Medici’s patronage of the Religio
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use her support of the Religious of
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1 The dates represent the start of
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17 “MARIA MEDICAEA, PIENTISSIMA E
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Baptiste-Michel Renou de Chevigné
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du Roi des Rois pour la conservatri
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Zusammenhang, ed. Joachim Poeschke
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CHAPTER 6 FROM NOTRE-DAME-DES-VICTO
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eign of Louis XIII. By looking at i
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choir are two additional rooms. Tho
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Moreover not all foundation stones
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Additional Churches supported by Lo
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palace chapel at Versailles, design
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founding, was first supported by St
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its position within the kingdom. In
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Scholarship shows that the reasons
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with Cardinal Richelieu, who refuse
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his preoccupation with the war, Lou
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12 Barbiche, "Augustins déchaussé
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39 Jean-Pierre Camus, Premières ho
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Amos, Funerals, Politics, and Memor
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cardinal; see Paul de Musset, Puyla
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One of the key contributions of thi
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Figure 1. Philippe de Champaigne, L
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Figure 3. Frans Pourbus the Younger
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Figure 5. French School, Pierre de
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Figure 7. Jean Marot, Veue de l’
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Figure 9. Clément Métezeau and Ja
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Figure 11. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
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Figure 13. Reconstructed map of the
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Figure 15. Saint-Germer-de-Fly, vie
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Figure 17. Sainte-Chapelle, upper c
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Figure 19. Jacques Lemercier, Churc
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Figure 21. Écu d’or of Louis XII
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Figure 23. Jacques Androuet du Cerc
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Figure 25. Map of territories durin
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Figure 27. Peter Paul Rubens, Trium
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Figure 29. Philippe de Champaigne,
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Figure 31. Saint Louis, obverse (le
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Figure 33. Andrea Sacchi and Jan Mi
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Figure 35. Foundation Stone of Sain
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Figure 37. G. Bonsegni, Il Gesù, r
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Figure 39. Detail of Kings rose win
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Figure 41. Etienne Martellange and
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Figure 43. Edme Moreau, High Altar
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Figure 45. Simon Vouet, The Apotheo
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Figure 51. Michel Corneille, St. Lo
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Figure 53. Studio of Simon Vouet, L
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Figure 57. Plan of the Church of th
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Figure 59. Plan of Saint-Joseph-des
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Figure 61. Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes,
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Figure 63. After Jean Marot, Eglise
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Figure 65. Jean-Baptiste-Michel Jai
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Figure 67. Jean-Aimar Piganiol de l
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Figure 69. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
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Figure 71. Nicolas-Michel Troche, F
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Figure 73. Henri de Gisors, detail
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Figure 75. Jacques de Bie, Device f
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Figure 77. Plan of the church of No
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Figure 79. After Claude Chastillon,
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Figure 81. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 83. Current plan of Notre-Da
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Figure 85. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 87. Foundation Stone of Notr
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Figure 89. Detail of a window at th
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Figure 91. E. Viollet-le-Duc, Recon
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Figure 93. Israël Silvestre, Vue d
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Figure 95. Plan de l’eglise de No
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1589 Henri IV becomes king of Franc
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Bibliothèque nationale de France D
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Archival Sources Archi
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Théveneau, Adam. Les Précepts du
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Billot, Claudine. "La fondation de
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Brunel, Georges. Dictionnaire des
Page 311 and 312:
Currier, Charles Warren. History of
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Freiberg, Jack. The Lateran in 1600
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Johnson, Géraldine A. "Imagining I
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Lonergan, Walter F. Historic Church
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Montgolfier, Bernard de, ed. Saint-
Page 321 and 322:
Romier, Lucien. Les origines politi
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Turchetti, Mario. "Middle Parties i
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Education: Teaching Experience: Nat
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