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50 For Richelieu’s involvement with the rebuilding of the Sorbonne and especially the chapel, see Berdini, "Sorbonne," 251-76; Gady, Lemercier, 248-53. For the Sorbonne and the chapel in general, see Boinet, Églises parisiennes, 208-27; Claude Mignot, "La chapelle et maison de Sorbonne," in Richelieu et le monde de l'esprit, ed. André Tuilier (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1985), 87-93; Roger-Armand Weigert, L'Eglise de la Sorbonne (Paris: Cerf, 1947). 51 For the king’s financial contribution to the construction of the chapel, see Boinet, Églises parisiennes, 210. 52 For the king’s belief that the new church would contribute to the beauty of Paris, see Gady, Lemercier, 248. 53 For Louis XI’s involvement with the Sorbonne, see Boinet, Églises parisiennes, 208; Hastings Rashdall, The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895), 488- 89; André Tuilier, Histoire de l'Université de Paris et de la Sorbonne, 2 vols. (Paris: Nouvelle Librairie de France, 1994), 117-19. 54 Moote characterizes the relationship between Louis XIII and Richelieu, noting that the minister vowed repeatedly throughout his tenure to serve the king and state; see Moote, Louis XIII, 163-64. 55 Scholars often note the ideological division between the faculty and the doctors; see Berdini, "Sorbonne," 257; Brockliss, "Richelieu,” 254; André Tuilier, "Richelieu théologien et la Sorbonne," in Richelieu et le monde de l'esprit, ed. André Tuilier (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1985), 285-86. 56 Brockliss, "Richelieu," 254. 57 For Richelieu’s role as a moderator, see Tuilier, "Richelieu théologien," 285-87. 58 For the controversy, see ibid. 59 Ibid., 287. 60 For a general history of Notre-Dame-de-Paris, see Yves Bottineau, Notre-Dame de Paris and the Sainte-Chapelle, trans. Lovett F. Edwards (New York: Rand McNally, 1965); Alain Erlande- Brandenburg, Notre-Dame de Paris (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1999); Allan Temko, Notre- Dame of Paris (New York: Viking Press, 1955). 61 An example of a royal wedding at Notre-Dame-de-Paris was Henri IV’s first marriage to Marguerite de Valois. Although most royal baptisms took place at the cathedral, a plague circulating in Paris forced Louis XIII in 1606 to receive the rite at Fontainebleau. For the events, see Chevallier, Louis XIII, 54. For Notre-Dame-de-Paris’s role in royal funerals, see Avner Ben- 183
Amos, Funerals, Politics, and Memory in Modern France, 1789-1996 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 18. 62 Moshe Sluhovsky, Patroness of Paris: Rituals of Devotion in Early Modern France (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 73. 63 For Notre-Dame-de-Paris as the first church of the kingdom, see Sauval, Histoire, 1:368. For descriptions of it as the most august and dignified, see Varennes, Le voyage, 197. 64 For the cathedral becoming the seat of the archbishop, see Pierre Blet, "L'Eglise de Paris et les Gondi," in Huitième centenaire de Notre-Dame de Paris (Congrés des 30 mai - juin 1964), ed. Gabriel Le Bras (Paris: Vrin, 1967), 353-53. 65 For the chapel, see Le Pas de Sécheval, "Politique artistique," 411-15; Maurice Vloberg, Notre-Dame de Paris et le voeu de Louis XIII (Paris: Frazier-Soye, 1926), 22-23. 66 Malingre, Les antiquitez, 25-26. 67 For the lamp in the Chapel of the Virgin, see Blond, Notre-Dame des Victoires, 37; Le Pas de Sécheval, "Politique artistique," 411. The altarpiece from 1628 was replaced at an unknown date with a more impressive work. The chapel itself was dismantled in 1708 during the reconstruction of the choir; see Le Pas de Sécheval, "Politique artistique," 413. 68 For the king’s gift of a cross, see Le Pas de Sécheval, "Politique artistique," 411. 69 The vow was published publicly in February 1638. For a copy of the vow, see Blond, Notre- Dame des Victoires, 14-19. 70 For Louis XIII’s reasons for making the vow, see Chevallier, Louis XIII, 547-48; Moote, Louis XIII, 260. For the military victory at Corbie, see Chevallier, Louis XIII, 517-19. 71 The construction of the altar was part of a reworking of the choir, a collaborative project supervised by Robert de Cotte; see Robert Neuman, Robert de Cotte and the Perfection of Architecture in Eighteenth-Century France (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 19 and n. 67, 222. For the project, see Nicolas Sainte Fare Garnot, La Vierge, le roi, et le ministre. Le décor du choeur de Notre-Dame de Paris au XVIIe siècle (Arras: Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Arras, 1996). 72 For the king’s devotion to the Virgin Mary, see Le Pas de Sécheval, "Politique artistique," 411. For the procession celebrating the Feast of the Assumption, see Chevallier, Louis XIII, 548. 73 For the vow’s connection to the birth of Louis XIV, see Blond, Notre-Dame des Victoires, 95- 96; Chevallier, Louis XIII, 552-53; Moote, Louis XIII, 260. 184
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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of
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Jacobins of the rue Saint-Honoré 1
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14. Clément Métezeau and Jacques
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45. Simon Vouet, Apotheosis of St.
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79. After Claude Chastillon, Carose
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ABSTRACT This study examines early
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The Buildings Of the ten newly-buil
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The Patrons: Maria de’ Medici and
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has been the focus of a wealth of a
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Although studies employing contextu
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the Society. By dedicating royal fu
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1 Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, "
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de' Medici (Princeton, New Jersey:
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CHAPTER 2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: F
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in the last twenty years as a serio
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pattern that would be repeated in e
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The Reign of Henri IV The move from
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The king’s second major accomplis
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etween Philip IV (1285-1314) and Po
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universal Church, he was recognized
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houses in Italy and Spain, these re
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Although concerns over internationa
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Although Maria never claimed to bel
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suggestions but leave the decisions
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as a double feast. 100 The king’s
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1 I use the terms Catholic Reform a
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20 Henri III was the third of four
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46 Beaune, Ideology, 176. 47 For th
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70 Hayden, "Continuity," 12. 71 Lou
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Jean Héroard, ed. Edouard de Barth
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which uses the seventeenth-century
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a more appropriate location. 11 In
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etween the Oratory’s founder and
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seventeenth century, prompting scho
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façade drew visual emphasis to the
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The emblem continued to be included
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esidence. Similar to its use in ant
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courts, attended a similar ceremony
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of the society were planning regici
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Upon reentering the royal council i
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emind him that at present there was
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1 Fumaroli, "Cross," 88-102; Le Pas
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the church, including the interior
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31 Archives Nationales, MM 600, Vis
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51 For twin-towered facades associa
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Marilyn Aronberg Lavin (New York: I
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99 Archives Nationales MM 562 f. 3-
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125 Archives Nationales MM 623 f. 9
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By examining the precise manner of
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arcade, replacing it with a project
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a halo surrounding his head. The me
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place, the event was the first time
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Although David and Solomon had trad
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on the robe and crown and at the en
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king, who backed the Protestant Hen
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Catholic world, any objection it ma
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The current arrangement of the apse
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L surmounted by a royal crown and f
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figure first occurred in the west o
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the façade reiterates the place of
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1 Today it is the parish church of
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discussion of the plan and its popu
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43 For Philip II as Solomon and the
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67 The Jesuit foundations building
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88 Laurence Brockliss, "Richelieu,
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110 For the meaning of the central
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135 For a discussion of Richelieu
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had exercised by the end of the reg
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King Louis XI (1461-1483) and immed
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in the fifteenth century and most r
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The queen would have also welcomed
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Page 163 and 164: 17 “MARIA MEDICAEA, PIENTISSIMA E
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Page 173 and 174: eign of Louis XIII. By looking at i
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Page 195: 39 Jean-Pierre Camus, Premières ho
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Figure 45. Simon Vouet, The Apotheo
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Figure 47. Etienne Martellange and
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Figure 51. Michel Corneille, St. Lo
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Figure 53. Studio of Simon Vouet, L
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Figure 57. Plan of the Church of th
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Figure 59. Plan of Saint-Joseph-des
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Figure 61. Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes,
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Figure 63. After Jean Marot, Eglise
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Figure 65. Jean-Baptiste-Michel Jai
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Figure 67. Jean-Aimar Piganiol de l
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Figure 69. Michel Etienne Turgot, P
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Figure 71. Nicolas-Michel Troche, F
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Figure 73. Henri de Gisors, detail
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Figure 75. Jacques de Bie, Device f
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Figure 77. Plan of the church of No
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Figure 79. After Claude Chastillon,
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Figure 81. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 83. Current plan of Notre-Da
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Figure 85. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
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Figure 87. Foundation Stone of Notr
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Figure 89. Detail of a window at th
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Figure 91. E. Viollet-le-Duc, Recon
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Figure 93. Israël Silvestre, Vue d
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Figure 95. Plan de l’eglise de No
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1589 Henri IV becomes king of Franc
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Bibliothèque nationale de France D
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Archival Sources Archi
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Théveneau, Adam. Les Précepts du
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Billot, Claudine. "La fondation de
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Brunel, Georges. Dictionnaire des
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Currier, Charles Warren. History of
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Freiberg, Jack. The Lateran in 1600
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Johnson, Géraldine A. "Imagining I
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Lonergan, Walter F. Historic Church
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Montgolfier, Bernard de, ed. Saint-
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Romier, Lucien. Les origines politi
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Turchetti, Mario. "Middle Parties i
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Education: Teaching Experience: Nat
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