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50 For works that recognize the incorporation of Maria de’ Medici’s personal symbols into the
church of the Filles du Calvaire, see Boinet, Églises parisiennes, 150; Marie-Odile Bonardi,
"Essai d'iconographie de l'amour au XVIIe siècle: le pélican et le coeur," Dix-septième siècle 50,
no. 4 (1998): 643; Lucienne Portier and Paul Ricoeur, Le pélican: histoire d'un symbole (Paris:
Editions du Cerf, 1984), 127.
51 For the Filles du Calvaire and their establishment in Paris, see Biver, Abbayes, 346-48; Helyot,
Dictionnaire, 1:565-77; Nicolas-Michel Troche, "Embellissements de Paris: Ancien monastère
des Filles du Calvaire, rue de Vaugirard," Revue archéologique 3 (1846): 523-26.
52 For Maria de’ Medici’s early connection to the Filles du Calvaire, see Helyot, Dictionnaire,
1:573-74; Piganiol de la Force, Description historique, 7:169-70.
53
From 1620, when the Filles du Calvaire arrived in Paris, until 1622 the religious resided in a
house in the faubourg Saint-Germain.
54 The Petit Luxembourg was an hôtel constructed in the early 1620s on land adjacent to the
Luxembourg Palace and bordering the rue de Vaugirard. Maria de’Medici gave the hôtel to
Cardinal Richelieu in 1627. For the donation of land to the Filles du Calvaire, see Arthur Hustin,
Le Luxembourg: son histoire domaniale, architecturale, décorative et anecdotique, 1611-1911
(Paris: Imprimerie du Sénat, 1911), 51-53.
55 Piganiol de la Force, Description historique, 7:170.
56 For the church, see Biver, Abbayes, 346-48; Boinet, Églises parisiennes, 147-51; Hautecoeur,
Architecture classique, 1, pt. 3:227; Piganiol de la Force, Description historique, 7:269-73;
Troche, "Filles du Calvaire," 522-28. The texts do not provide further information on the
manner in which the queen contributed to the construction of the church other than she had the
chapel built. The original church was of such poor construction that it had to be rebuilt to the
same design in 1629.
57 For the chapel, see Boinet, Églises parisiennes, 149. Unlike the rest of the church, the chapel
de la reine was not demolished in the 1840s, being incorporated into the residence of the
president of the French Senate.
58 For the commission, see Bertrand, "Art and Politics," 124-25. Noting that the retable is
entirely lost, Bertrand argues that the available information is insufficient to reconstruct the
iconographical program of the commission.
59 The convent suffered a similar fate, being used as a prison until it was destroyed in 1852.
60 For unknown reasons the queen was not able to attend the ceremony. The inscription was
recorded in French in Piganiol de la Force, Description historique, 7:271-72. The inscription in
French reads: “A la gloire de Dieu, et de la Très-Sainte Vierge sa Mère. Marie de Médicis a
posé la premiere pierre de cette Eglise et monastere, afin que comme elle reconnoît cette Mere
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