Hurricanes: Their Nature and Impacts on Society - Climate Science ...

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APPENDIX B 201 Table B.3 The 30 costliest mainl<strong>and</strong> United States hurricanes 1900-1995 adjusted for inflation (Hebert, Jarrell <strong>and</strong> Mayfield 1996) <strong>and</strong> four other costly hurricanes Rank Hurricane Year Category Damage (US $)t 1 2 ~ 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Andrew (SE FUSE LA) Hugo (SC) Agnes (FL/NE US) Betsy (SE FUSE LA) Camille (MS/SE LANA) Diane (NE US) Frederic (AUMS) New Engl<strong>and</strong> Opal (NW FU AL) Alicia (N TX) Carol (NE US) Carla (N & Central TX) Donna (FUEastern US) Juan (LA) Celia (S TX) Bob (NC/NE US) Elena (MS/AUNW FL) Hazel (SC/NC) 0 FL (Mianli)/MSI AL/Pensacola N TX (Galveston) Dora (NE FL) Eloise (NW FL) Gloria (Eastern US) NEUS Beulah (S TX) N TX (Galveston) SE FUSE LA/MS Audrey (SW LAIN TX) Claudette (N/TX) Cleo (SE FL) Not AtlantidGuIf Coast 15 lniki (Kauai, HI) 19 Marilyn (USVI, E PR) 24 Hugo (USVI, PR) 24 San Felipe (PR) 1992 1989 1972 1965 1969 1955 1979 1938 1995 1983 1954 1961 1960 1985 1970 1991 1985 1954 1926 1915 1964 1975 1985 1944 1967 1900 1947 1957 1979 1964 1992 1995 1989 1928 4 4 3 5 3. 3 3. 4 4 I 1 3 I ~ 4. 4 4 I ~ 3. 3 4 4 4 18 2 Upk 2 4 4 28 620 000 000 7 910 000 000 6 930 000 000 6 875 220 000 5 640 179 000 4516131000 3 933 000 000 3 864 780 000 2 880 000 ooot 2 760 000 000 2 549 330 000 2 072 640 000 1 962 090 000 1 950 000 000 1 694 220 000 1 635 000 000 1 625 000 000 1553930000 1 414 560 000 1 264 800 00000 1 245 000 000 1190700000 1170000000 994 000 000 900 000 000 759 909 000" 756 800 000 748 500 000 684 000 000 639 930 000 1944000000 1440000000 1130 000 000 1071 000 000 .Moving at more than 30 miles per hour. t Adjusted to 1994 dollars on basis of US DOC Implicit Price Deflator for Construction; 1995 damages adjusted downward. ~ Current estimate subject to change. (X) Damage estimate was considered too high in 1915 adjustment. ..Using 1915 cost adjustment base -none available prior to 1915. TS, Only of Tropical Storm intensity, included because of high damage. Unk, Intensity not sufficiently known to establish category.
202 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPACT ON SOCIETY Table B.4 Top 30 Damaging <strong>Hurricanes</strong> 1925-1995 -Normalized to 1995 dollars by inflation, personal property increases, <strong>and</strong> coastal county population changes (1900- 1995). (Asterisks indicate hurricanes included from years 1900--1924 using simplifying assumptions to extend the normalization methodology to 1900.) Source: Pielke <strong>and</strong> L<strong>and</strong>sea (1997). See Figure B.l Rank Hurricane Year Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 SE Florida/Alabama ANDREW (SE FillA) *N Texas (Galveston) *N Texas (Galveston) SW Florida New Engl<strong>and</strong> SE Florida/Lake Okeechobee BETSY (SE FillA) DONNA (FUEastem US) CAMILLE (MS/LAN A) AGNES (NW FL, NE US) DIANE (NE US) HUGO (SC) CAROL (NE US) SE Florida/Louisiana/ Alabama CARLA (N & Central TX) HAZEL (SC/NC) NEUS SE Florida FREDERIC (AUMS) SE Florida *S Texas ALICIA (N TX) CELIA (S TX) DORA (NE FL) OPAL (NW FUAL) CLEO (SE FL) JUAN (LA) AUDREY (LAIN TX) KING (SE FL) 1926 1992 1900 1915 1944 1938 1928 1965 1960 1969 1972 1955 1989 1954 1947 1961 1954 1944 1945 1979 1949 1919 1983 1970 1964 1995 1964 1985 1957 1950 Damage (USS billions) 72.303 33.094 26.619 22.602 16.864 16.629 13.795 12.434 12.048 10.965 10.705 10.232 9.380 9.066 8.308 7.069 7.039 6.536 6.313 6.293 5.838 5.368 4.056 3.338 3.108 3.000 2.435 2.399 2.396 2.266
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Hurricanes
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Copyright @ 1997 by John Wiley & So
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Dedication Foreword. Preface. Conte
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CONTENTS 5.3 5.2.3 WindY. . 5.2.4 R
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Foreword Before the mid-l 960s, stu
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X11 FOREWORD The lessons of Camille
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XVI PREFACE One of the fundamental
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XVlll PREFACE about the need for so
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2 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPA
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4 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPA
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INTRODUCfION: SCffiNCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcnON: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND H
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INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcrION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcrION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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I I I I A -Nr"1v ~ r/) ,:,.," 0- 0-
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INTRODUCfION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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21 INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE, POLICY, A
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INTRODUCfION: SCffiNCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUCfION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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CHAPTER 2 The US Hurricane Problem
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM human acti
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM of their p
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 37 2.1.3 S
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 39 activit
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Figure 2.3
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM on an intr
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Table 2.1
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TIm us HURRICANE PROBLEM ~ I (a) -.
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM emissions)
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 51 Figure
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM (ODDs) 193
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 55 Figure
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM preparedne
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 59 threat
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nIB US HURRICANE PROBLEM Table 2.3
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 63 Paralle
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Congress,
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 67 Appendi
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TRC!>PICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH
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71 TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EART
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH F
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH (
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH o
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH N
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH I
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH 3
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35 ,~ 20 1201 55 TROPICAL CYCLONES
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH 9
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HURRICANE FORECASTS Figure 4.1 The
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* t " , " ' " i : , , j !' \ HURRIC
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HURRICANE FORECASTS (e) 7AM ~ ..i~~
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HURRICANE Fa RECASTS While the news
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~-~ "'"00 ;-:'O-= -=-~"'" a",.- .->
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102 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IM
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~ 0, 2 ~ 2 ... ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ':! Is I~
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~ .I;~ a ;;'0 . ~ ! ~ " 0 'I' -§.
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CHAPTERS When a hurricane forms, it
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I ~..;. 126 HURRICANES: THEm NATURE
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~'\ '" 128 \ '-- HURRICANES: THEIR
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~ I 00- .". ~ -0( v 1a u .§ ~ ...g
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Page 173 and 174: CHAPTER? 7.1 INTRODUCflON As recoun
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Page 221 and 222: APPENDIX C Selected Data on Tropica
Page 225 and 226: Figure C.4 Cont: Tracks of intense
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Page 229 and 230: APPENDIX C 209 '";ij' 40 Q) ~ C) Q)
Page 231 and 232: 211 APPENDIX D Table D.2 Eastern No
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Page 237 and 238: APPENDIX D Table 0.10 Southeast Ind
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APPENDIX E 247 P (al p p P (alp) p
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D APPENDIX E s s s s s s S T T T T
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APPENDIX E 251 IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY
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APPENDIX E 253 p p T (alp) (a/o) (0
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APPENDIX E P (a/s) P falsI 5 (alp)
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~ APPENDIX F 257 lOP = 5/9°C 1°C
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REFERENCES 259 Nemec, J.M. Nigg <st
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REFERENCES 261 Cochran, L.
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REFERENCES 263 Etzioni, A., 1985: M
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REFERENCES 265 Graham, B., 1992: An
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REFERENCES 267 Katz, R.W., 1993: To
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REFERENCES 269 Mesthene, E.G., 1967
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REFERENCES 271 south Florida. Part
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REFERENCES 273 Smith, K., 1992: Env
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REFERENCES 275 Wolensky, R.P. <stro
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INDEX 277 eye wall concentric eye w
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INDEX silver iodide 112 Simpson, Ro
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