Hurricanes: Their Nature and Impacts on Society - Climate Science ...

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REFERENCES 273 Smith, K., 1992: Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risks <strong>and</strong> Reducing Disaster, Routledge, London. Sorensen, J.H., 1993: Warning systems <strong>and</strong> the public warning response. Workshop on Socioeconomic Aspects of Disaster in Central America, San Jose, Costa Rica, 21-23 January. Sorensen, J.H. <strong>and</strong> D.S. Mileti, 1988: Warning <strong>and</strong> evacuation: AJ1Swering some basic questions. Indus. Case Quart., 5, 33-61. Southern, R.L., 1992: Savage impact of recent catastrophic: tropical cyclones emphasizes urgent need to enhance warning/response <strong>and</strong> miitigation systems in the Asia/Pacific region (unpublished). Stem, P.C., 1986: Blind spots in policy analysis: What economics doesn't say about energy use. J: Policy Anal. Manage., 5, 200-227. Stewart, T.R., 1997: Forecast value: Descriptive studies. In: Value of Weather <strong>and</strong> Climate Forecasts, R.W. Katz <strong>and</strong> A.H. Murphy, Eds, Cambrid,ge University Press, Cambridge, UK. STFDR (Senate Task Force on Disaster Relief), 1995: Document 104-4, March 15. GPO, Washington, DC. Stone, G.W., J.M. Grymes ill, C.K. Armbruster, J.P. Xu <strong>and</strong> O.K. Huh, 1996: Researchers study impact of Hurricane Opal on Florida coast. Eos, 77, 181, 184. Strouse, C., 1992: Tiny rise in assessments = lean budgets. The Murmi Herald, June 18, lB. Sugg, A.L., 1967: Economic aspects of hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Re'v., 95, 143-146. Swarns, R.L., 1992: Uninsured left with less than nothing: Devastated homes, monumental debts. The Miami Herald, November 2, 1A. Swenson, E.L., 1993: Testimony for the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Veterans Affairs, 103-4. GPO, Washington, DC. Sylves, R., 1996: The political process of presidential disaster declarations. Quick Response Report #86, University of Colorado, Natural Ha2:ards Research <strong>and</strong> Applications Information Center, http://adder.colorado.edu/hazc:tr/qr/qr86.html Tanfani, J., 1992: Miami tallies storm cost, may end up with nl~t gain. The Miami Herald, September 11, 6B. Tannehill, I.R., 1952: <strong>Hurricanes</strong>: <strong>Their</strong> <strong>Nature</strong> <strong>and</strong> History, 8tll edition, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Tennekes, H., 1990: A sideways look at climate research. Weather, 45, 67-68. Texas Coastal <strong>and</strong> Marine Council, 1974: Hurricane Awarene'ss Briefings, Texas Coastal <strong>and</strong> Marine Council, Austin, TX. TFFFCP ([ask Force on Federal Flood Control Policy), 1966: A Unified National Program for Managing Flood Losses, Report No. 67-663, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Thome, N.J., 1984: Reinsurance <strong>and</strong> natural disasters. The Geneva Papers on Risk <strong>and</strong> Insurance, 9, 167-174. Timmerman, P., 1981: Vulnerability, resilience <strong>and</strong> the collapse of society: A review of models <strong>and</strong> possible climatic applications. Environmental Monograph 1, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, C~Lnada. Torgerson, D., 1985: Contextual orientation in policy analysis: The contribution of Harold D. Lasswell. Policy Sci., 18, 241-261. Trausch, S., 1992: Hurricane profiteers have we got a great deal for you! The Miami Herald, September 8, 21A. UNEP, 1989: Criteria for assessing vulnerability to sea-level rise: A global inventory to high risk areas. UNEP, Nairobi. Ungar, S., 1995: Social scares <strong>and</strong> global warming: Beyond the F:.io convention. Soc. Nat. Resources, 8, 443-456.
274 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPACT ON SOCIETY USACE/FEMA, 1993: Hurricane Andrew assessment: Review of hurricane evacuation studies utilization <strong>and</strong> information dissemination, Florida Version. Prepared by Post, Buckley, Schuhe, Jernigan, Inc., Tallahassee, FL. USDI/NPS (US Department of the Interior, National Park Service), 1994. Hurricane Andrew, 1992: The National Park Service response in South Florida (August). Washington, DC: Department of the Interior. USWRP, 1994: United States Weather Research Program: Implementation Plan. Congressional Submission, Committee on Earth <strong>and</strong> Environmental Sciences, January 15. Van Natta, D. 1992: Precautions, warnings cut storm death toll but luck also played a big role. The Miami Herald, September 14, 13A. Viglucci, A., 1992: Victims to FEMA: We've been ignored. The Miami Herald, September 8, lB. Wakimoto, R.M. <strong>and</strong> P.G. Black, 1994: Damage survey of Hurricane Andrew <strong>and</strong> its relationship to the eyewall. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 75, 189-202. Wamsted, D., 1993: Insurance industry wakes up to threat of global climate change. Environ. Week, 6, October 7. Wang, Y. <strong>and</strong> G.J. Holl<strong>and</strong>, 1996: The beta drift of baroclinic vortices. Part ll: Diabatic vortices. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3737-3756. West, C. <strong>and</strong> D. Lenze, 1994: Modeling the regional impact of natural disaster <strong>and</strong> recover: A general framework <strong>and</strong> an application of Hurricane Andrew. Int. Regional Sci. Rev., 17, 121-150. White, G.F., 1994: A perspective on reducing losses from natural hazards. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1237-1240. White, G.F. <strong>and</strong> J.E. Haas, 1975: Assessment of Research on Natural Hazards, The Mrr Press, Cambridge, MA, 487 pp. Whoriskey, P., 1992: U.S. experts fault code on mobile home safety. 11ze Miami Herald, September 10, 1A. Wildavsky, A., 1979: Speaking Truth to Power: The Art <strong>and</strong> Craft of Policy Analysis, Little, Brown, Boston, MA. Williams, J., 1992: 11ze Weather Book. New York: Vintage Books. Willoughby, H.E., 1979: Some Aspects of the Dynamics in Hu"icane Anita of 1977, Coral Gables, FL, NOAA Technical Memor<strong>and</strong>um, ERL NHEML-5. Willoughby, H.E., 1990: Temporal changes in the primary circulation in tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 242-264. Willoughby, H.E. <strong>and</strong> P.G. Black, 1996: Hurricane Andrew in Florida: Dynamics of a disaster. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 77, 543-549. Willoughby, H.E., J.A. C1os <strong>and</strong> M.G. Shoreibah, 1982: Concentric eye walls, secondary wind maxima, <strong>and</strong> the evolution of the hurricane vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 41,1169-1186. Willoughby, H.E., J.M. Masters <strong>and</strong> C.W. L<strong>and</strong>sea, 1989: A record minimum sea level pressure observed in Hurricane Gilbert. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2824-2828. Willoughby, H.E., D.P. Jorgensen, R.A. Black <strong>and</strong> S.L. Rosenthal, 1985: Project STORMFURY: A scientific chronicle 1962-1983. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 66, 505- 514. Wilson, N.C., 1994: Surge of hurricanes <strong>and</strong> floods perturbs insurance industry. J. Meteor., 19, 3-7. Winchester, P., 1991: Power, Choice <strong>and</strong> Vulnerability: A Case Study in Disaster Mismanagement in South India, 1977-78, James & James. Winkler, R.L. <strong>and</strong> A.H. Murphy, 1985: Decision analysis. In: Probability, Statistics, <strong>and</strong> Decisionmaking in the Atmospheric Sciences, A.H. Murphy <strong>and</strong> R. W. Katz, Eds, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 493-524.
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Hurricanes
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Copyright @ 1997 by John Wiley & So
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Dedication Foreword. Preface. Conte
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CONTENTS 5.3 5.2.3 WindY. . 5.2.4 R
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Foreword Before the mid-l 960s, stu
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X11 FOREWORD The lessons of Camille
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XVI PREFACE One of the fundamental
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XVlll PREFACE about the need for so
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2 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPA
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4 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPA
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INTRODUCfION: SCffiNCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcnON: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND H
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INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcrION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcrION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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I I I I A -Nr"1v ~ r/) ,:,.," 0- 0-
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INTRODUCfION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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21 INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE, POLICY, A
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INTRODUCfION: SCffiNCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUCfION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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CHAPTER 2 The US Hurricane Problem
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM human acti
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM of their p
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 37 2.1.3 S
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 39 activit
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Figure 2.3
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM on an intr
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Table 2.1
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TIm us HURRICANE PROBLEM ~ I (a) -.
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM emissions)
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 51 Figure
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM (ODDs) 193
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 55 Figure
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM preparedne
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 59 threat
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nIB US HURRICANE PROBLEM Table 2.3
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 63 Paralle
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Congress,
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 67 Appendi
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TRC!>PICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH
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71 TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EART
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH F
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH (
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH o
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH N
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH I
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH 3
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35 ,~ 20 1201 55 TROPICAL CYCLONES
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH 9
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HURRICANE FORECASTS Figure 4.1 The
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* t " , " ' " i : , , j !' \ HURRIC
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HURRICANE FORECASTS (e) 7AM ~ ..i~~
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HURRICANE Fa RECASTS While the news
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~-~ "'"00 ;-:'O-= -=-~"'" a",.- .->
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102 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IM
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~ 0, 2 ~ 2 ... ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ':! Is I~
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~ .I;~ a ;;'0 . ~ ! ~ " 0 'I' -§.
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CHAPTERS When a hurricane forms, it
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I ~..;. 126 HURRICANES: THEm NATURE
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~'\ '" 128 \ '-- HURRICANES: THEIR
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~ I 00- .". ~ -0( v 1a u .§ ~ ...g
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CHAPTER? 7.1 INTRODUCflON As recoun
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APPENDIX A CHAPTER! Byerly, R., 199
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40 000 30 000 20'000 10 000 APPENDI
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APPENDIX C Selected Data on Tropica
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Figure C.4 Cont: Tracks of intense
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'-'2 ..~ ,-..~ \OQ. ~~ -I" -(') 3.
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APPENDIX C 209 '";ij' 40 Q) ~ C) Q)
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211 APPENDIX D Table D.2 Eastern No
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APPENDIX D Table D.6 Western Austra
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APPENDIX D Table D.8 Fiji Region Na
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APPENDIX D Table 0.10 Southeast Ind
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: 8. ~A ". ~ 00 tU : V ~ ~ ~ V z 8,
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Page 266 and 267: APPENDIX E p p 5 p (alp) (r) S (r)
Page 268 and 269: APPENDIX E 247 P (al p p P (alp) p
Page 270 and 271: D APPENDIX E s s s s s s S T T T T
Page 272 and 273: APPENDIX E 251 IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY
Page 274 and 275: APPENDIX E 253 p p T (alp) (a/o) (0
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Page 278 and 279: ~ APPENDIX F 257 lOP = 5/9°C 1°C
Page 280 and 281: REFERENCES 259 Nemec, J.M. Nigg <st
Page 282 and 283: REFERENCES 261 Cochran, L.
Page 284 and 285: REFERENCES 263 Etzioni, A., 1985: M
Page 286 and 287: REFERENCES 265 Graham, B., 1992: An
Page 288 and 289: REFERENCES 267 Katz, R.W., 1993: To
Page 290 and 291: REFERENCES 269 Mesthene, E.G., 1967
Page 292 and 293: REFERENCES 271 south Florida. Part
Page 296 and 297: REFERENCES 275 Wolensky, R.P. <stro
Page 298 and 299: INDEX 277 eye wall concentric eye w
Page 300: INDEX silver iodide 112 Simpson, Ro
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