Hurricanes: Their Nature and Impacts on Society - Climate Science ...

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REFERENCES 275 Wolensky, R.P. <strong>and</strong> K.C. Wolensky, 1990: Local government's problem with disaster management: A literature review <strong>and</strong> structural analysis. Policy Studies Rev., 9, 703-725. World Meteorological Organization, 1993: Global guide to tropical cyclone forecasting. WMOffO -NO. 560, Report No. TCP-31, G. Holl<strong>and</strong>, Ed. Wu, C.-C. <strong>and</strong> Y. Kurihara, 1996: A numerical study of the feedback mechanisms of hurricane-environment interaction on hurricane movement from the potential vorticity perspective. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2264-2282. Xie, L. <strong>and</strong> L.J. Pietrafesa, 1995: Modeling the flooding around the Pamlico-Albemarle sounds caused by hurricanes, Part ll: Predicting the flooding caused by Emily. Pre prints, 21st Conference on <strong>Hurricanes</strong> <strong>and</strong> Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, American Meteorological Society, 445-447. Yarnall, B., 1994: Agricultural decollectivization <strong>and</strong> vulnerability to environmental change. Global Environ. Change, 4, 229-243.
additional readings 194-7 aerodynamic roughness 81 Alicia 20, 24 Andrew damages <strong>and</strong> casualties 163-70 forecast 3-6, 156 evacuation 158-62 track <strong>and</strong> intensity 156- 7 impact 7-9, 163 building codes 170-6 direct damages 163-9 insurance 176-7 relation between central pressure <strong>and</strong> wind speed 80 response 10-13, 177 recovery 177-8 restoration 179-80 assessment of vulnerability 59 incidence assessment 65 societal vulnerability to tropical cyclones 64-5 defined 64 tropical cyclone risk assessment 59-64 atmospheric pressure 76 defined 68 building codes 143, 170-6 Camille 3, 19-20, 23-4, 39, 49 catastrophe models 59-62 centrifugal force defined 72 climate defined 139-41, 185-6 climate change 47-8, 185-6 community planning 145 condensation 71 Index convergence defined 69 illustrated 70 coriolis effect defined 68, 100 illustrated 69-70 criteria for development <strong>and</strong> intensification 87-90 damage estimation 134-6 damages in US (normalized, 1925-1995) 198 deaths <strong>and</strong> damages, US (1900-1995) 202 30 deadliest, US (1900-1995) 199 30 costliest, US (1900-1995) 200-1 decay 79-81 decision-maker defined 141 descriptive assessments 115-17 divergence defined 69 illustrated 70 deposition 71 El Nmo-Southem Oscillation (ENSO) 109 evacuation 141, 158-62 evaporation of water 81 exposure assessment 65 extratropical cyclone defined 15 extreme weather events 25-6, 140-1 eye definition 72 illustration of 74, 78 satellite images of 75 size 88
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Hurricanes
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Copyright @ 1997 by John Wiley & So
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Dedication Foreword. Preface. Conte
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CONTENTS 5.3 5.2.3 WindY. . 5.2.4 R
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Foreword Before the mid-l 960s, stu
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X11 FOREWORD The lessons of Camille
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XVI PREFACE One of the fundamental
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XVlll PREFACE about the need for so
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2 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPA
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4 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPA
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INTRODUCfION: SCffiNCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcnON: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND H
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INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcrION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUcrION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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I I I I A -Nr"1v ~ r/) ,:,.," 0- 0-
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INTRODUCfION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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21 INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE, POLICY, A
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INTRODUCfION: SCffiNCE, POLICY, AND
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INTRODUCfION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
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CHAPTER 2 The US Hurricane Problem
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM human acti
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM of their p
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 37 2.1.3 S
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 39 activit
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Figure 2.3
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM on an intr
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Table 2.1
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TIm us HURRICANE PROBLEM ~ I (a) -.
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM emissions)
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 51 Figure
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM (ODDs) 193
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 55 Figure
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM preparedne
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 59 threat
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nIB US HURRICANE PROBLEM Table 2.3
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 63 Paralle
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Congress,
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 67 Appendi
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TRC!>PICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH
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71 TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EART
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH F
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH (
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH o
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH N
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH I
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH 3
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35 ,~ 20 1201 55 TROPICAL CYCLONES
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH 9
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HURRICANE FORECASTS Figure 4.1 The
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* t " , " ' " i : , , j !' \ HURRIC
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HURRICANE FORECASTS (e) 7AM ~ ..i~~
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HURRICANE Fa RECASTS While the news
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~-~ "'"00 ;-:'O-= -=-~"'" a",.- .->
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102 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IM
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~ 0, 2 ~ 2 ... ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ':! Is I~
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~ .I;~ a ;;'0 . ~ ! ~ " 0 'I' -§.
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CHAPTERS When a hurricane forms, it
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I ~..;. 126 HURRICANES: THEm NATURE
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~'\ '" 128 \ '-- HURRICANES: THEIR
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~ I 00- .". ~ -0( v 1a u .§ ~ ...g
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CHAPTER? 7.1 INTRODUCflON As recoun
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APPENDIX A CHAPTER! Byerly, R., 199
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40 000 30 000 20'000 10 000 APPENDI
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APPENDIX C Selected Data on Tropica
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Figure C.4 Cont: Tracks of intense
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'-'2 ..~ ,-..~ \OQ. ~~ -I" -(') 3.
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APPENDIX C 209 '";ij' 40 Q) ~ C) Q)
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211 APPENDIX D Table D.2 Eastern No
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APPENDIX D Table D.6 Western Austra
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APPENDIX D Table D.8 Fiji Region Na
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APPENDIX D Table 0.10 Southeast Ind
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: 8. ~A ". ~ 00 tU : V ~ ~ ~ V z 8,
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on "'-va , £.c 0 I::.cp. V'O cn ,'
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Page 256 and 257: APPENDIX E In sum, TDS provides an
Page 258 and 259: APPENDIX 0 ~ION E 237 A period of t
Page 260 and 261: APPENDIX E IF SITUATION W~S P (alp)
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Page 266 and 267: APPENDIX E p p 5 p (alp) (r) S (r)
Page 268 and 269: APPENDIX E 247 P (al p p P (alp) p
Page 270 and 271: D APPENDIX E s s s s s s S T T T T
Page 272 and 273: APPENDIX E 251 IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY
Page 274 and 275: APPENDIX E 253 p p T (alp) (a/o) (0
Page 276 and 277: APPENDIX E P (a/s) P falsI 5 (alp)
Page 278 and 279: ~ APPENDIX F 257 lOP = 5/9°C 1°C
Page 280 and 281: REFERENCES 259 Nemec, J.M. Nigg <st
Page 282 and 283: REFERENCES 261 Cochran, L.
Page 284 and 285: REFERENCES 263 Etzioni, A., 1985: M
Page 286 and 287: REFERENCES 265 Graham, B., 1992: An
Page 288 and 289: REFERENCES 267 Katz, R.W., 1993: To
Page 290 and 291: REFERENCES 269 Mesthene, E.G., 1967
Page 292 and 293: REFERENCES 271 south Florida. Part
Page 294 and 295: REFERENCES 273 Smith, K., 1992: Env
Page 298 and 299: INDEX 277 eye wall concentric eye w
Page 300: INDEX silver iodide 112 Simpson, Ro
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