Hurricanes: Their Nature and Impacts on Society - Climate Science ...

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Copyright @ 1997 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Daffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 IUD, Engl<strong>and</strong> National 01243 779777 International (+44) 1243 779777 e-mail (for orders <strong>and</strong> customer service enquiries): cs-books@wi1ey.co.uk. Visit our Home Page on http://www.wiley.co.uk or http://www.wi1ey.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs <strong>and</strong> Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London UK WlP 9HE, without the permission in writing of the publisher. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158~012, USA WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Pappela1lee 3, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany Jacar<strong>and</strong>a Wiley Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensl<strong>and</strong> 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Canada) Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Rexdale, Ontario M9W ILl, Canada John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02~l, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Pub/ication Data Pielke, Roger A., 1968- <strong>Hurricanes</strong>: their nature <strong>and</strong> impacts on society I Roger A. Pielke, Jr. <strong>and</strong> Roger A. Pielke, Sr. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references <strong>and</strong> index. ISBN 0-471-97354-8 1. <strong>Hurricanes</strong>-Government policy-United States. 2. <strong>Hurricanes</strong>-- Social aspects--United States. I. Pielke, Roger A. ll. Title. QC945.P64 1997 363.34'922'O973-dc21 97-14116 CIP British LibrllrY Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-471-97354-8 Typeset in 10/12pt Times from authors' disks by Mayhew Typesetting, Rhayader, Powys Printed <strong>and</strong> bound in Great Britain by Biddies Ltd, Guildford <strong>and</strong> King's Lynn This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestation, for which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
Dedication We dedicate this book to the planners, engineers, builders, forecasters, emergency managers, relief workers, <strong>and</strong> other public <strong>and</strong> private officials <strong>and</strong> volunteers who have committed their lives to preparing for <strong>and</strong> responding to hurricane impacts on society.
Page 2 and 3: Hurricanes
Page 6 and 7: Dedication Foreword. Preface. Conte
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS 5.3 5.2.3 WindY. . 5.2.4 R
Page 10 and 11: Foreword Before the mid-l 960s, stu
Page 12 and 13: X11 FOREWORD The lessons of Camille
Page 14 and 15: XVI PREFACE One of the fundamental
Page 16 and 17: XVlll PREFACE about the need for so
Page 18 and 19: 2 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPA
Page 20: 4 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IMPA
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCfION: SCffiNCE, POLICY, AND
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUcnON: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND H
Page 27 and 28: INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
Page 29 and 30: INTRODUcrION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUcrION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
Page 33 and 34: I I I I A -Nr"1v ~ r/) ,:,.," 0- 0-
Page 35 and 36: INTRODUCfION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
Page 37 and 38: 21 INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE, POLICY, A
Page 39 and 40: INTRODUCfION: SCffiNCE, POLICY, AND
Page 45 and 46: INTRODUCfION: SCIENCE, POLICY, AND
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 2 The US Hurricane Problem
Page 49 and 50: THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM human acti
Page 51 and 52: THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM of their p
Page 53 and 54: THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 37 2.1.3 S
Page 55 and 56:
THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 39 activit
Page 57 and 58:
THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Figure 2.3
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM on an intr
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Table 2.1
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TIm us HURRICANE PROBLEM ~ I (a) -.
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM emissions)
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 51 Figure
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM (ODDs) 193
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 55 Figure
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM preparedne
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 59 threat
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nIB US HURRICANE PROBLEM Table 2.3
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 63 Paralle
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM Congress,
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THE US HURRICANE PROBLEM 67 Appendi
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TRC!>PICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH
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71 TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EART
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH F
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH (
Page 95 and 96:
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH o
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH N
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH I
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH 3
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35 ,~ 20 1201 55 TROPICAL CYCLONES
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TROPICAL CYCLONES ON PLANET EARTH 9
Page 109 and 110:
HURRICANE FORECASTS Figure 4.1 The
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* t " , " ' " i : , , j !' \ HURRIC
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HURRICANE FORECASTS (e) 7AM ~ ..i~~
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HURRICANE Fa RECASTS While the news
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~-~ "'"00 ;-:'O-= -=-~"'" a",.- .->
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102 HURRICANES: THEIR NATURE AND IM
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~ 0, 2 ~ 2 ... ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ':! Is I~
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Page 125 and 126:
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~ .I;~ a ;;'0 . ~ ! ~ " 0 'I' -§.
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CHAPTERS When a hurricane forms, it
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I ~..;. 126 HURRICANES: THEm NATURE
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~'\ '" 128 \ '-- HURRICANES: THEIR
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~ I 00- .". ~ -0( v 1a u .§ ~ ...g
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CHAPTER? 7.1 INTRODUCflON As recoun
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APPENDIX A CHAPTER! Byerly, R., 199
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40 000 30 000 20'000 10 000 APPENDI
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APPENDIX C Selected Data on Tropica
Page 223 and 224:
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Figure C.4 Cont: Tracks of intense
Page 227 and 228:
'-'2 ..~ ,-..~ \OQ. ~~ -I" -(') 3.
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APPENDIX C 209 '";ij' 40 Q) ~ C) Q)
Page 231 and 232:
211 APPENDIX D Table D.2 Eastern No
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APPENDIX D Table D.6 Western Austra
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APPENDIX D Table D.8 Fiji Region Na
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APPENDIX D Table 0.10 Southeast Ind
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: 8. ~A ". ~ 00 tU : V ~ ~ ~ V z 8,
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Page 243 and 244:
on "'-va , £.c 0 I::.cp. V'O cn ,'
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. OK OK U ~ ,. , , ..' ..~ '"' Z !
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UJ ~ UJ P-'-'" s~~ 0 In + In O-o>,V
Page 250 and 251:
~ =.d.- ~ 0 ..., E-' g S u 'U~ =.g'
Page 252 and 253:
.s~~ ~...:s ~.9: .- .. ..c ..co " ,
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APPENDIX E 233
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APPENDIX E In sum, TDS provides an
Page 258 and 259:
APPENDIX 0 ~ION E 237 A period of t
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APPENDIX E IF SITUATION W~S P (alp)
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29. APPENDIX E p (0) 5 (a/p) T (alp
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APPENDIX E p (0) p p S T (a/o) (a/p
Page 266 and 267:
APPENDIX E p p 5 p (alp) (r) S (r)
Page 268 and 269:
APPENDIX E 247 P (al p p P (alp) p
Page 270 and 271:
D APPENDIX E s s s s s s S T T T T
Page 272 and 273:
APPENDIX E 251 IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY
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APPENDIX E 253 p p T (alp) (a/o) (0
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APPENDIX E P (a/s) P falsI 5 (alp)
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~ APPENDIX F 257 lOP = 5/9°C 1°C
Page 280 and 281:
REFERENCES 259 Nemec, J.M. Nigg <st
Page 282 and 283:
REFERENCES 261 Cochran, L.
Page 284 and 285:
REFERENCES 263 Etzioni, A., 1985: M
Page 286 and 287:
REFERENCES 265 Graham, B., 1992: An
Page 288 and 289:
REFERENCES 267 Katz, R.W., 1993: To
Page 290 and 291:
REFERENCES 269 Mesthene, E.G., 1967
Page 292 and 293:
REFERENCES 271 south Florida. Part
Page 294 and 295:
REFERENCES 273 Smith, K., 1992: Env
Page 296 and 297:
REFERENCES 275 Wolensky, R.P. <stro
Page 298 and 299:
INDEX 277 eye wall concentric eye w
Page 300:
INDEX silver iodide 112 Simpson, Ro
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