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chapter 3: literacy-related activities in the home
Exhibit 3.2: 3.2 Index Index of of Home Educational Resources (HER) (HER) with with Trends
Countries
2006
Percent
of Students
High HER Medium HER Low HER
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
2006
Percent
of Students
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
2006
Percent
of Students
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
Norway 26 (1.2) 531 (2.5) –7 (1.8) i 74 (1.2) 493 (2.9) 7 (1.8) h 0 (0.1) ~ ~ 0 (0.1)
Denmark 24 (1.3) 576 (3.4) ◊ ◊ 75 (1.3) 540 (2.3) ◊ ◊ 1 (0.2) ~ ~ ◊ ◊
Iceland r 24 (0.8) 550 (2.9) 4 (1.1) h 76 (0.8) 507 (1.6) –4 (1.1) i 0 (0.1) ~ ~ 0 (0.1)
Sweden 22 (1.4) 578 (3.5) –3 (1.9) 78 (1.4) 546 (2.1) 3 (1.9) 0 (0.1) ~ ~ 0 (0.1)
Scotland s 21 (1.6) 589 (6.7) 4 (2.1) h 77 (1.6) 531 (3.1) –4 (2.1) i 1 (0.4) ~ ~ 0 (0.5)
Canada, British Columbia r 20 (1.2) 597 (3.6) ◊ ◊ 79 (1.3) 556 (2.9) ◊ ◊ 0 (0.2) ~ ~ ◊ ◊
Netherlands s 20 (1.1) 584 (2.9) 13 (1.3) h 79 (1.1) 550 (1.4) –12 (1.3) i 1 (0.3) ~ ~ 0 (0.4)
Canada, Alberta r 19 (1.2) 598 (3.9) ◊ ◊ 80 (1.2) 559 (2.6) ◊ ◊ 0 (0.1) ~ ~ ◊ ◊
Canada, Nova Scotia 19 (1.1) 590 (3.5) ◊ ◊ 81 (1.1) 539 (1.8) ◊ ◊ 0 (0.1) ~ ~ ◊ ◊
Canada, Ontario r 18 (1.5) 591 (4.2) 0 (2.1) 81 (1.4) 550 (2.6) 0 (2.0) 1 (0.2) ~ ~ 0 (0.3)
New Zealand s 18 (1.0) 591 (3.6) –1 (1.5) 81 (1.0) 541 (2.0) 2 (1.6) 1 (0.1) ~ ~ –1 (0.3)
Israel 16 (1.3) 587 (4.9) x x 82 (1.4) 526 (3.8) x x 2 (0.4) ~ ~ x x
Hungary 15 (1.1) 607 (2.9) –5 (1.7) i 80 (1.3) 548 (2.8) 4 (1.7) h 5 (0.9) 467 (8.8) 2 (1.0)
France 15 (1.1) 570 (3.1) 1 (1.5) 82 (1.1) 520 (1.9) 1 (1.5) 4 (0.4) 463 (5.7) –3 (0.6) i
Luxembourg 14 (0.5) 601 (2.6) ◊ ◊ 82 (0.5) 555 (1.1) ◊ ◊ 3 (0.3) 499 (5.2) ◊ ◊
Canada, Quebec r 14 (0.9) 571 (4.8) 0 (1.5) 84 (0.9) 534 (2.6) –1 (1.5) 2 (0.3) ~ ~ 0 (0.4)
Belgium (Flemish) 14 (1.0) 580 (2.5) ◊ ◊ 84 (1.0) 545 (1.8) ◊ ◊ 2 (0.3) ~ ~ ◊ ◊
Spain s 13 (1.3) 560 (4.4) ◊ ◊ 82 (1.2) 520 (2.4) ◊ ◊ 5 (0.7) 458 (9.0) ◊ ◊
Germany r 12 (0.9) 592 (2.9) –4 (1.2) i 85 (0.9) 553 (2.1) 3 (1.2) h 3 (0.3) 483 (6.0) 0 (0.5)
Russian Federation 12 (1.0) 610 (4.8) 4 (1.2) h 86 (1.0) 560 (3.4) –4 (1.2) i 2 (0.3) ~ ~ 0 (0.4)
Singapore 11 (0.5) 613 (4.0) 0 (1.0) 86 (0.5) 556 (2.8) 0 (1.0) 2 (0.3) ~ ~ 0 (0.4)
Bulgaria 11 (1.1) 608 (5.8) 0 (1.4) 74 (1.8) 549 (4.0) –2 (2.4) 15 (1.9) 514 (11.1) 2 (2.5)
Lithuania 11 (0.7) 577 (2.9) 0 (1.3) 88 (0.8) 533 (1.6) –1 (1.3) 1 (0.2) ~ ~ 0 (0.4)
Slovak Republic 10 (0.7) 585 (3.1) 1 (1.3) 86 (1.0) 533 (2.2) –1 (1.6) 4 (0.8) 407 (14.5) 0 (1.2)
Chinese Taipei 10 (0.8) 585 (3.9) ◊ ◊ 86 (0.8) 534 (1.9) ◊ ◊ 3 (0.3) 473 (6.5) ◊ ◊
Latvia 9 (0.8) 571 (3.9) –5 (1.2) i 90 (0.8) 540 (2.4) 6 (1.2) h 1 (0.2) ~ ~ –1 (0.4)
Hong Kong SAR 9 (0.9) 589 (2.9) 5 (1.0) h 85 (0.7) 565 (2.2) 3 (1.1) h 6 (0.5) 531 (7.2) –8 (1.1) i
Georgia 9 (0.8) 510 (4.9) ◊ ◊ 87 (1.1) 470 (3.1) ◊ ◊ 4 (0.9) 453 (23.7) ◊ ◊
Slovenia 9 (0.5) 578 (3.4) –2 (0.9) i 90 (0.6) 519 (2.0) 3 (0.9) h 2 (0.2) ~ ~ –1 (0.4)
Poland 9 (0.7) 583 (4.5) ◊ ◊ 82 (0.8) 522 (2.2) ◊ ◊ 9 (0.7) 458 (5.9) ◊ ◊
Italy 8 (0.7) 598 (4.4) 1 (0.9) 84 (1.0) 553 (2.9) –2 (1.3) i 8 (0.9) 517 (7.7) 2 (1.0)
Qatar s 7 (0.3) 402 (5.4) ◊ ◊ 85 (0.4) 363 (1.7) ◊ ◊ 8 (0.3) 321 (6.3) ◊ ◊
Austria 7 (0.7) 592 (4.2) ◊ ◊ 92 (0.7) 538 (1.8) ◊ ◊ 1 (0.2) ~ ~ ◊ ◊
Trinidad and Tobago r 5 (0.5) 510 (8.3) ◊ ◊ 89 (0.9) 443 (4.8) ◊ ◊ 7 (0.8) 375 (9.2) ◊ ◊
Belgium (French) r 5 (0.5) 553 (5.8) ◊ ◊ 91 (0.6) 502 (2.5) ◊ ◊ 4 (0.5) 440 (5.9) ◊ ◊
Macedonia, Rep. of s 5 (0.5) 523 (9.0) 3 (0.6) h 85 (1.1) 457 (3.7) 3 (1.7) 11 (1.1) 373 (6.3) –6 (1.7) i
Kuwait s 4 (0.4) 401 (12.4) ◊ ◊ 90 (0.6) 348 (4.4) ◊ ◊ 6 (0.5) 308 (13.3) ◊ ◊
Romania 4 (0.6) 578 (5.7) –1 (1.1) 77 (1.6) 504 (4.1) –2 (2.0) 19 (1.7) 429 (10.0) 3 (2.1)
Moldova, Rep. of 4 (0.6) 554 (9.8) 0 (0.9) 74 (1.1) 506 (2.9) –16 (1.6) i 22 (1.1) 477 (5.2) 16 (1.4) h
South Africa r 3 (0.5) 528 (15.0) ◊ ◊ 70 (1.0) 324 (6.2) ◊ ◊ 26 (1.1) 264 (4.6) ◊ ◊
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 3 (0.4) 537 (7.7) 1 (0.4) 47 (1.7) 457 (2.8) –5 (2.7) 51 (1.9) 387 (3.9) 4 (2.9)
Morocco 1 (0.3) ~ ~ – – 38 (1.8) 348 (5.7) – – 61 (1.9) 313 (8.8) – –
Indonesia 0 (0.2) ~ ~ ◊ ◊ 62 (1.7) 418 (4.1) ◊ ◊ 37 (1.7) 386 (4.4) ◊ ◊
England x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
United States – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
International Avg. 11 (0.1) 563 (1.0) 80 (0.2) 503 (0.5) 9 (0.1) 426 (1.9)
Based on students' responses to two questions about home educational resources:
number of books in the home, and educational aids in the home (computer, study desk/
table for own use, books of their own, access to a daily newspaper); and parents' responses
to two questions: number of children’s books in the home, and parents’ education. High
level indicates more than 100 books in the home; more than 25 children's books; at least 3
of 4 educational aids; and at least one parent finished university. Low level indicates 25 or
fewer books in the home; 25 or fewer children's books; no more than 2 educational aids;
and parents that have not completed secondary education. Medium level includes all
other combinations of responses.
( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest
whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.
h Percent in 2006 significantly higher i Percent in 2006 significantly lower
An “r” indicates data are available for 70–84% of the students. An “s” indicates data are
available for 50–69% of the students. An “x” indicates data are available for less than
50% of the students.
A dash (–) indicates comparable data are not available. A tilde (~) indicates insufficient
data to report achievement.
A diamond (◊) indicates the country did not participate in the 2001 assessment.
111
PIRLS 2006
4th Grade
NOTE: The International Average does not include the results from the Canadian provinces.
Trend Note: The primary education systems of the Russian Federation and Slovenia
underwent structural changes. Data for Canada, Ontario include only public schools.
SOURCE: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006