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152 chapter 4: students’ reading attitudes, self-concept, <strong>and</strong> out-of-school activities<br />

Exhibit 4.5 Students Exhibit Read 4.5: Stories Students or Articles Read Stories Outside or of Articles School Outside of School<br />

Background data provided by students.<br />

Countries<br />

Average Number of Hours on a Typical Day Spent Reading<br />

Stories or Articles on the Internet<br />

Stories or Articles in Books<br />

or Magazines<br />

Overall Girls Boys Overall Girls Boys<br />

Austria 0.8 (0.02) 0.8 (0.03) 0.9 (0.03) h 1.6 (0.03) 1.8 (0.04) h 1.3 (0.04)<br />

Belgium (Flemish) 0.6 (0.03) 0.5 (0.03) 0.6 (0.04) h 0.6 (0.02) 0.7 (0.03) h 0.5 (0.02)<br />

Belgium (French) 1.2 (0.04) 1.2 (0.05) 1.3 (0.05) 1.2 (0.03) 1.3 (0.04) h 1.1 (0.04)<br />

Bulgaria 1.0 (0.05) 0.9 (0.05) 1.1 (0.06) h 1.5 (0.05) 1.6 (0.07) h 1.3 (0.05)<br />

Canada, Alberta 0.8 (0.03) 0.8 (0.04) 0.9 (0.04) 1.3 (0.03) 1.4 (0.04) h 1.2 (0.04)<br />

Canada, British Columbia 0.8 (0.03) 0.7 (0.04) 0.8 (0.04) h 1.3 (0.04) 1.4 (0.05) h 1.2 (0.05)<br />

Canada, Nova Scotia 0.9 (0.03) 0.9 (0.04) 1.0 (0.04) h 1.3 (0.03) 1.5 (0.04) h 1.2 (0.04)<br />

Canada, Ontario 0.9 (0.04) 0.8 (0.05) 0.9 (0.04) 1.4 (0.05) 1.5 (0.06) h 1.3 (0.06)<br />

Canada, Quebec 1.0 (0.04) 1.0 (0.04) 1.1 (0.06) 1.3 (0.04) 1.5 (0.06) h 1.2 (0.04)<br />

Chinese Taipei 1.0 (0.03) 1.1 (0.04) h 0.9 (0.03) 1.2 (0.03) 1.4 (0.04) h 1.1 (0.04)<br />

Denmark 0.6 (0.03) 0.5 (0.03) 0.7 (0.04) h 1.0 (0.03) 1.1 (0.04) h 0.9 (0.04)<br />

Engl<strong>and</strong> 0.9 (0.03) 0.8 (0.04) 0.9 (0.04) 1.2 (0.03) 1.4 (0.05) h 1.1 (0.04)<br />

France 0.9 (0.03) 0.9 (0.04) 0.9 (0.05) 1.2 (0.03) 1.2 (0.04) h 1.1 (0.04)<br />

Georgia 0.9 (0.05) 0.8 (0.06) 0.9 (0.06) 1.5 (0.05) 1.6 (0.07) h 1.4 (0.06)<br />

Germany 0.6 (0.02) 0.6 (0.03) 0.6 (0.03) h 1.5 (0.03) 1.7 (0.04) h 1.4 (0.05)<br />

Hong Kong SAR 1.1 (0.03) 1.1 (0.04) 1.0 (0.04) 1.0 (0.03) 1.1 (0.04) h 1.0 (0.04)<br />

Hungary 0.7 (0.03) 0.7 (0.04) 0.7 (0.03) 1.3 (0.04) 1.4 (0.06) h 1.1 (0.04)<br />

Icel<strong>and</strong> 0.6 (0.02) 0.6 (0.02) 0.7 (0.03) h 0.8 (0.02) 0.9 (0.03) h 0.7 (0.03)<br />

Indonesia 1.3 (0.05) 1.2 (0.05) 1.3 (0.06) 1.6 (0.04) 1.7 (0.06) 1.6 (0.05)<br />

Iran, Islamic Rep. of 0.3 (0.03) 0.3 (0.05) 0.4 (0.05) 1.5 (0.05) 1.5 (0.06) 1.4 (0.08)<br />

Israel 1.5 (0.04) 1.4 (0.05) 1.5 (0.05) h 1.4 (0.04) 1.6 (0.05) h 1.3 (0.04)<br />

Italy 0.7 (0.03) 0.6 (0.04) 0.8 (0.04) h 1.3 (0.04) 1.4 (0.05) h 1.1 (0.05)<br />

Kuwait 2.1 (0.06) 2.0 (0.07) 2.1 (0.08) 2.1 (0.05) 2.2 (0.07) 2.1 (0.07)<br />

Latvia 1.0 (0.04) 0.9 (0.04) 1.1 (0.05) h 1.2 (0.03) 1.4 (0.05) h 1.0 (0.04)<br />

Lithuania 0.9 (0.03) 0.9 (0.04) 1.0 (0.03) 1.4 (0.03) 1.7 (0.04) h 1.2 (0.04)<br />

Luxembourg 0.5 (0.01) 0.5 (0.02) 0.6 (0.02) h 0.9 (0.02) 1.0 (0.02) h 0.8 (0.03)<br />

Macedonia, Rep. of 1.8 (0.08) 1.7 (0.09) 1.8 (0.08) h 2.6 (0.07) 2.7 (0.08) h 2.4 (0.07)<br />

Moldova, Rep. of 1.0 (0.06) 0.9 (0.08) 1.0 (0.06) 1.8 (0.05) 1.9 (0.07) h 1.7 (0.06)<br />

Morocco 1.3 (0.08) 1.3 (0.09) 1.4 (0.08) 1.3 (0.07) 1.4 (0.09) 1.3 (0.08)<br />

Netherl<strong>and</strong>s 0.5 (0.02) 0.5 (0.02) 0.5 (0.03) 0.8 (0.02) 0.9 (0.04) h 0.6 (0.03)<br />

New Zeal<strong>and</strong> 0.9 (0.03) 0.9 (0.04) 1.0 (0.04) h 1.4 (0.04) 1.6 (0.05) h 1.3 (0.04)<br />

Norway 0.6 (0.03) 0.5 (0.04) 0.6 (0.03) 0.9 (0.04) 0.9 (0.05) h 0.8 (0.05)<br />

Pol<strong>and</strong> 0.9 (0.03) 0.8 (0.03) 1.0 (0.04) h 1.5 (0.03) 1.7 (0.04) h 1.3 (0.05)<br />

Qatar 2.3 (0.03) 2.2 (0.04) 2.4 (0.04) h 2.2 (0.03) 2.3 (0.04) h 2.1 (0.04)<br />

Romania 0.9 (0.06) 0.8 (0.06) 1.0 (0.07) h 1.6 (0.05) 1.8 (0.07) h 1.5 (0.06)<br />

Russian Federation 0.5 (0.03) 0.4 (0.02) 0.6 (0.04) h 1.5 (0.04) 1.6 (0.05) h 1.3 (0.04)<br />

Scotl<strong>and</strong> 0.9 (0.04) 0.9 (0.05) 0.9 (0.05) 1.2 (0.03) 1.4 (0.05) h 1.1 (0.05)<br />

Singapore 1.1 (0.03) 1.1 (0.03) 1.0 (0.04) 1.4 (0.02) 1.6 (0.04) h 1.2 (0.03)<br />

Slovak Republic 0.7 (0.03) 0.7 (0.04) 0.8 (0.04) h 1.5 (0.04) 1.7 (0.05) h 1.3 (0.05)<br />

Slovenia 0.7 (0.03) 0.6 (0.03) 0.8 (0.04) h 1.0 (0.02) 1.1 (0.03) h 0.9 (0.03)<br />

South Africa 2.1 (0.07) 2.1 (0.07) 2.1 (0.07) 2.7 (0.06) 2.7 (0.06) h 2.6 (0.07)<br />

Spain 0.9 (0.03) 0.8 (0.04) 1.0 (0.05) h 1.2 (0.03) 1.2 (0.05) 1.2 (0.05)<br />

Sweden 0.5 (0.02) 0.4 (0.02) 0.6 (0.04) h 0.7 (0.02) 0.7 (0.03) h 0.6 (0.03)<br />

Trinidad <strong>and</strong> Tobago 1.5 (0.07) 1.5 (0.09) 1.5 (0.07) 1.7 (0.06) 1.9 (0.08) h 1.6 (0.07)<br />

United States 1.0 (0.05) 1.1 (0.06) 1.0 (0.05) 1.4 (0.04) 1.6 (0.04) h 1.2 (0.06)<br />

International Avg. 1.0 (0.01) 0.9 (0.01) 1.0 (0.01) h 1.4 (0.01) 1.5 (0.01) h 1.3 (0.01)<br />

( ) St<strong>and</strong>ard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest<br />

whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.<br />

NOTE: The International Average does not include the results from the Canadian provinces.<br />

<strong>PIRLS</strong> 2006<br />

4th Grade<br />

h Average significantly higher than other gender<br />

SOURCE: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (<strong>PIRLS</strong>) 2006

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