here - TIMSS and PIRLS Home - Boston College

124 chapter 3: literacy-related activities in the home
Exhibit Exhibit 3.7 3.7: Parents' Parents’ Occupational Level Level
Countries
Percent of
Students
Professional Small Business Owner Clerical Skilled Worker
Average
Achievement
Percent of
Students
Average
Achievement
Percent of
Students
Average
Achievement
Percent of
Students
Average
Achievement
Austria 19 (1.1) 570 (2.9) 14 (0.6) 545 (3.3) 45 (1.0) 542 (1.9) 15 (1.1) 521 (4.0)
Belgium (Flemish) 43 (1.2) 567 (2.0) 14 (0.6) 548 (2.8) 24 (0.8) 543 (2.7) 12 (0.7) 523 (3.2)
Belgium (French) r 37 (1.5) 533 (2.5) 9 (0.5) 500 (4.5) 28 (1.1) 499 (3.0) 13 (0.8) 473 (3.5)
Bulgaria 28 (1.6) 585 (5.8) 10 (0.7) 561 (5.1) 19 (1.1) 555 (4.4) 17 (1.1) 529 (6.4)
Canada, Alberta r 56 (1.6) 576 (2.9) 15 (0.7) 562 (4.5) 16 (0.9) 554 (3.3) 7 (0.7) 543 (5.8)
Canada, British Columbia r 51 (1.6) 578 (3.2) 16 (0.7) 557 (3.7) 19 (0.8) 547 (4.0) 8 (0.7) 548 (6.6)
Canada, Nova Scotia 52 (1.2) 563 (2.7) 9 (0.6) 536 (5.1) 23 (0.9) 532 (2.7) 9 (0.6) 525 (4.9)
Canada, Ontario 53 (2.0) 573 (3.2) 12 (1.0) 543 (4.3) 18 (1.0) 547 (3.5) 10 (1.0) 540 (5.3)
Canada, Quebec 55 (1.9) 551 (3.4) 10 (0.6) 520 (4.2) 19 (1.1) 520 (3.4) 9 (0.9) 525 (6.2)
Chinese Taipei 34 (1.3) 560 (2.5) 17 (0.6) 532 (2.5) 19 (0.7) 537 (2.6) 18 (1.0) 511 (2.8)
Denmark 53 (1.6) 565 (2.5) 10 (0.7) 535 (4.7) 23 (0.9) 538 (3.5) 9 (0.7) 517 (5.9)
England x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
France 39 (1.6) 552 (2.2) 11 (0.7) 525 (4.4) 23 (0.9) 521 (2.7) 16 (1.0) 496 (3.2)
Georgia 29 (1.3) 502 (3.4) 10 (0.8) 477 (5.4) 14 (0.8) 458 (5.1) 17 (1.2) 460 (5.5)
Germany r 28 (1.1) 582 (2.3) 12 (0.7) 554 (3.1) 40 (1.2) 552 (2.4) 12 (0.9) 524 (4.4)
Hong Kong SAR 31 (1.6) 573 (2.2) 12 (0.5) 561 (3.9) 28 (0.9) 565 (2.9) 16 (0.9) 561 (4.1)
Hungary 26 (1.5) 594 (2.7) 12 (0.7) 563 (4.6) 28 (1.0) 551 (2.6) 18 (1.0) 534 (4.1)
Iceland r 52 (0.9) 531 (2.0) 12 (0.6) 505 (3.7) 21 (0.7) 503 (3.2) 9 (0.7) 496 (3.8)
Indonesia r 5 (0.6) 462 (8.6) 9 (0.8) 422 (7.1) 13 (1.0) 447 (5.1) 37 (2.0) 393 (5.9)
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 11 (1.1) 499 (4.6) 16 (0.7) 428 (4.4) 15 (0.9) 448 (4.4) 21 (1.2) 412 (4.3)
Israel s 49 (1.7) 568 (3.8) 8 (0.6) 535 (6.9) 15 (1.1) 526 (6.3) 13 (0.8) 486 (6.9)
Italy 25 (1.2) 575 (3.2) 14 (0.8) 556 (3.9) 26 (0.9) 558 (3.9) 28 (1.1) 538 (3.6)
Kuwait s 53 (1.4) 360 (4.8) 3 (0.3) 342 (17.5) 15 (0.8) 320 (7.8) 1 (0.3) ~ ~
Latvia 35 (1.2) 562 (2.6) 8 (0.5) 561 (6.0) 26 (0.9) 539 (2.4) 16 (0.9) 523 (4.2)
Lithuania 29 (1.1) 563 (2.3) 7 (0.5) 542 (4.3) 31 (1.0) 536 (2.4) 17 (0.8) 521 (2.9)
Luxembourg 29 (0.7) 592 (2.1) 8 (0.4) 557 (3.6) 35 (0.7) 563 (1.8) 17 (0.5) 528 (2.4)
Macedonia, Rep. of r 18 (1.0) 505 (5.8) 14 (0.6) 465 (5.9) 22 (0.9) 480 (5.0) 21 (0.8) 432 (5.5)
Moldova, Rep. of 22 (1.0) 518 (5.4) 7 (0.7) 509 (8.3) 19 (0.9) 508 (3.5) 22 (1.1) 489 (3.3)
Morocco 21 (1.8) 354 (8.6) 16 (1.1) 331 (7.9) 11 (0.8) 358 (7.6) 34 (2.0) 299 (10.7)
Netherlands s 49 (1.7) 569 (1.7) 14 (0.8) 549 (4.4) 25 (1.0) 547 (2.6) 8 (0.7) 528 (4.6)
New Zealand s 50 (1.3) 569 (2.6) 14 (0.7) 553 (5.0) 19 (0.8) 536 (3.2) 11 (0.8) 523 (7.1)
Norway 57 (1.3) 515 (2.3) 10 (0.6) 478 (5.3) 18 (1.0) 491 (5.0) 10 (0.7) 470 (6.4)
Poland 34 (1.4) 545 (3.8) 11 (0.6) 521 (4.1) 13 (0.8) 519 (4.1) 34 (1.6) 505 (2.8)
Qatar s 43 (0.7) 381 (2.5) 4 (0.3) 347 (9.3) 13 (0.5) 362 (4.0) 4 (0.3) 339 (7.8)
Romania 12 (1.2) 556 (4.4) 7 (0.6) 530 (6.8) 18 (0.9) 516 (4.4) 34 (1.6) 492 (5.5)
Russian Federation 38 (1.2) 583 (3.4) 5 (0.4) 573 (5.5) 33 (0.9) 565 (3.4) 14 (0.8) 543 (5.1)
Scotland s 56 (1.9) 565 (3.5) 7 (0.7) 530 (6.6) 22 (1.3) 525 (4.6) 8 (1.1) 502 (9.1)
Singapore 44 (0.8) 588 (2.8) 13 (0.5) 554 (4.0) 22 (0.6) 545 (3.3) 11 (0.5) 523 (4.8)
Slovak Republic 30 (1.1) 566 (2.4) 12 (0.7) 542 (3.3) 26 (0.9) 534 (3.1) 20 (0.9) 519 (3.4)
Slovenia 38 (1.1) 553 (2.3) 8 (0.5) 522 (4.1) 31 (0.8) 518 (2.5) 16 (0.9) 490 (3.2)
South Africa s 28 (1.6) 399 (12.1) 11 (0.5) 353 (12.0) 17 (0.6) 330 (7.2) 14 (0.6) 289 (6.7)
Spain s 37 (1.8) 546 (2.9) 13 (0.8) 523 (4.6) 20 (1.0) 520 (3.9) 18 (1.2) 507 (4.1)
Sweden 57 (1.6) 566 (2.4) 11 (0.7) 537 (4.7) 23 (1.2) 537 (2.5) 7 (0.6) 524 (5.0)
Trinidad and Tobago r 27 (1.4) 486 (5.9) 12 (0.6) 448 (8.5) 25 (1.1) 448 (5.6) 20 (1.0) 419 (7.1)
United States – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
International Avg. 35 (0.2) 533 (0.7) 11 (0.1) 506 (1.0) 23 (0.1) 504 (0.8) 17 (0.2) 485 (0.9)
Based on parents’ response to the following question: What kind of work do the child’s
father (or stepfather or male guardian) and mother (or stepmother or female guardian)
do for their main jobs? Has never worked outside the home for pay (a); Small business
owner (b); Clerk (c); Service or sales worker (d); Skilled agricultural or fishery worker (e);
Craft or trade worker (f ); Plant or machine operator (g); General laborer (h); Corporate
manager or senior official (i); Professional (j); Technician or associate professional (k);
Not applicable (l). Some categories were combined so that Professional includes option
i through k, Clerical includes options c and d, and Skilled Worker includes options e
through g. Students were categorized according to the highest occupational category of
either parent, taking Professional as the highest category and Never Worked Outside the
Home for Pay as the lowest.
PIRLS 2006
4th Grade
( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest
whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.
An “r” indicates data are available for 70–84% of the students. An “s” indicates data are
available for 50–69% of the students. An “x” indicates data are available for less than
50% of the students.
A dash (–) indicates comparable data are not available. A tilde (~) indicates insufficient
data to report achievement.
NOTE: The International Average does not include the results from the Canadian provinces.
SOURCE: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006