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118 chapter 3: literacy-related activities in the home students in the next highest category, 51–100 children’s books. The percentage of students in homes with more than 100 children’s books decreased in Bulgaria, Hungary, Iceland, the Slovak Republic, Sweden, and the Canadian province of Ontario. However, there also were countries where the percentage of students in this category increased—Germany, Hong Kong SAR, Scotland, and Slovenia. Accompanying the decrease in percentages of students in homes with many children’s books was an increase in the percentages in homes with few books. For example, according to parents, 20 percent of students in 2006 were from homes with no more than 10 children’s books, an increase of 2 percentage points from 2001. However, three countries showed a decrease in the percentage of students in homes with very few books—Hong Kong SAR, the Russian Federation, and Slovenia. These are three of the four countries with the greatest increase in average reading achievement from 2001, as shown in Exhibit 1.3. Another important component of the Index of Home Educational Resources was the parents’ highest level of education. As shown in Exhibit 3.5, parental education varied greatly, both within and across the PIRLS countries. On average across countries, 25 percent of students came from homes where parents reported that one or both of them had finished university, 21 percent where one or both had finished post-secondary school but not university, 31 percent where one or both had finished upper-secondary education, 15 percent where one or both had finished lower-secondary school, and 8 percent where neither parent had finished lower-secondary education.
chapter 3: literacy-related activities in the home Participants with the highest percentages (40% or more) of universityeducated parents included Denmark, Georgia, Iceland, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, Qatar, and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. In contrast, countries with relatively low levels of parental education (more than 25% of students whose parents did not complete lowersecondary education) included Indonesia (46%), Iran (35%), Morocco (59%), and South Africa (26%). The PIRLS data highlight the powerful association between parental education and children’s reading achievement. Higher levels of parental education were associated with higher average fourth-grade reading achievement in almost every country. At 543 score points, the average reading achievement of students with at least one university-educated parent was 120 points (more than 1 standard deviation) greater than the average of those whose parents did not complete lower-secondary education (423 points). 119
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PIRLS 2006 International Report IEA
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Contents Executive Summary 1 Introd
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Chapter 3 105 Literacy-related Acti
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Exhibit 6.16 Students Answer Questi
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Appendix C 327 Percentiles and Stan
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executive summary Building on the P
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Changes in Reading Achievement: PIR
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executive summary percentages of st
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▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ executive summa
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10 executive summary ▶ ▶ ▶
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1 executive summary ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶
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16 introduction The IEA (Internatio
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18 introduction An important innova
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20 introduction What Background Inf
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22 introduction Exhibit Countries P
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24 introduction For the sake of com
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26 introduction Exhibit 2 Exhibit 2
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28 introduction Which Students Were
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30 introduction Exhibit Exhibit 3 3
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32 introduction The student samplin
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36 chapter 1: international student
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Chapter 5 School Curriculum and Org
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chapter 5: school curriculum and or
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196 chapter 6: teachers and reading
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246 chapter 7: school contexts area
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250 chapter 7: school contexts Exhi
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254 chapter 7: school contexts What
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258 chapter 7: school contexts Give
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262 chapter 7: school contexts It i
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266 chapter 7: school contexts year
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270 chapter 7: school contexts stud
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272 chapter 7: school contexts perc
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274 chapter 7: school contexts As s
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278 chapter 7: school contexts Comp
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Appendix A Supplementary Informatio
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appendix a: overview of pirls 2006
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Appendix B Multiple Comparisons of
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appendix b: multiple comparisons of
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328 appendix c: percentiles and sta
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Appendix D Sample Passages, Questio
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appendix d: sample passages, questi
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Questions Unbelievable Night append
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12 appendix d: sample passages, que
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14 Questions 6-9 are about the Pill
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16 Questions 11-13 are about the Wo
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Appendix E Item Descriptions Develo
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appendix e: reading items used for
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394 appendix f: iceland and norway
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Appendix G Organizations and Indivi
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appendix g: organizations and indiv
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TIMSS & PIRLS International Study C
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