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120 chapter 3: literacy-related activities in the home
Exhibit 3.5 Highest Level Exhibit of Education 3.5: Highest of Either Level Parent of Education of Either Parent
Background data provided by parents.
Countries
( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest
whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.
An “r” indicates data are available for 70–84% of the students. An “s” indicates data are
available for 50–69% of the students. An “x” indicates data are available for less than
50% of the students.
Finished University
or Higher
Percent of
Students
Average
Achievement
Finished Post-Secondary
Education but Not
University
Percent of
Students
Average
Achievement
Finished
Upper- Secondary School
Percent of
Students
PIRLS 2006
4th Grade
Average
Achievement
Austria 14 (1.1) 575 (3.3) 22 (0.8) 548 (2.7) 59 (1.2) 535 (2.0)
Belgium (Flemish) 31 (1.2) 572 (2.3) 27 (0.9) 559 (1.9) 30 (1.1) 535 (2.3)
Belgium (French) r 10 (0.7) 539 (4.8) 48 (1.3) 518 (2.6) 23 (0.9) 491 (3.2)
Bulgaria 25 (1.7) 594 (5.2) 6 (0.4) 564 (7.0) 49 (1.6) 541 (4.1)
Canada, Alberta r 39 (1.6) 582 (3.7) 39 (1.2) 560 (2.6) 16 (0.9) 550 (3.4)
Canada, British Columbia r 41 (1.8) 580 (3.8) 39 (1.3) 557 (3.0) 16 (1.0) 552 (4.0)
Canada, Nova Scotia 35 (1.4) 571 (2.9) 43 (1.2) 541 (2.6) 16 (0.7) 525 (3.3)
Canada, Ontario 41 (2.0) 575 (3.3) 37 (1.3) 555 (2.9) 18 (1.3) 536 (4.5)
Canada, Quebec r 42 (2.0) 556 (3.6) 38 (1.4) 529 (3.2) 13 (0.9) 518 (3.9)
Chinese Taipei 21 (1.2) 573 (2.6) 22 (0.8) 550 (2.2) 44 (1.2) 524 (2.0)
Denmark r 49 (1.7) 565 (2.8) 30 (1.3) 547 (3.5) 10 (0.5) 539 (5.2)
England x x x x x x x x x x x x
France 26 (1.6) 561 (2.5) 16 (0.7) 542 (3.9) 46 (1.3) 514 (2.2)
Georgia 48 (1.8) 498 (3.0) 24 (1.2) 459 (4.6) 25 (1.6) 441 (4.9)
Germany r 17 (1.3) 589 (2.6) 10 (0.5) 580 (2.6) 37 (0.9) 558 (2.9)
Hong Kong SAR 19 (1.4) 580 (2.3) 12 (0.6) 575 (3.1) 35 (1.0) 564 (2.6)
Hungary 25 (1.5) 598 (2.7) 20 (1.0) 572 (3.4) 42 (1.4) 541 (3.1)
Iceland r 45 (0.9) 536 (2.3) 22 (0.7) 508 (2.8) 23 (0.7) 502 (2.9)
Indonesia 6 (0.7) 476 (6.8) 4 (0.5) 444 (6.8) 24 (1.3) 428 (3.8)
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 9 (0.9) 508 (5.4) 4 (0.5) 480 (5.7) 19 (1.0) 461 (3.5)
Israel s 40 (1.8) 570 (3.5) 19 (0.9) 541 (5.0) 29 (1.4) 504 (4.6)
Italy 16 (1.1) 586 (4.0) 8 (0.5) 554 (5.6) 42 (1.1) 558 (2.5)
Kuwait r 37 (1.3) 372 (5.6) 18 (0.9) 348 (5.5) 26 (1.1) 309 (5.9)
Latvia 18 (1.1) 568 (3.1) 63 (1.2) 543 (2.4) 14 (0.9) 527 (4.9)
Lithuania 27 (1.3) 568 (2.2) 39 (0.9) 536 (1.8) 30 (1.1) 516 (2.4)
Luxembourg r 19 (0.6) 594 (2.2) 16 (0.6) 583 (2.2) 22 (0.7) 574 (2.4)
Macedonia, Rep. of 12 (0.9) 519 (6.1) 11 (0.7) 500 (6.7) 54 (1.5) 463 (3.7)
Moldova, Rep. of 20 (1.3) 529 (5.3) 35 (1.0) 505 (3.3) 2 (0.3) ~ ~
Morocco 6 (0.9) 418 (13.7) 8 (0.6) 364 (10.0) 8 (0.6) 361 (8.6)
Netherlands s 47 (1.7) 574 (2.0) 3 (0.4) 558 (6.6) 34 (1.3) 546 (2.3)
New Zealand s 32 (1.4) 577 (3.0) 38 (1.3) 550 (2.9) 20 (0.8) 532 (3.9)
Norway 49 (1.5) 519 (2.7) 29 (1.0) 493 (3.0) 18 (1.0) 477 (4.7)
Poland 19 (1.1) 564 (3.7) 9 (0.6) 541 (3.4) 33 (0.8) 527 (2.6)
Qatar s 45 (0.7) 385 (2.0) 10 (0.4) 375 (5.7) 21 (0.6) 342 (3.7)
Romania 9 (1.1) 568 (3.7) 13 (0.9) 508 (6.1) 49 (1.6) 507 (3.3)
Russian Federation 38 (1.2) 590 (3.5) 49 (1.1) 556 (3.7) 9 (0.5) 546 (5.6)
Scotland x x x x x x x x x x x x
Singapore 23 (0.7) 603 (3.4) 26 (0.8) 574 (2.8) 32 (0.6) 547 (3.4)
Slovak Republic 19 (1.0) 577 (2.5) 11 (0.5) 544 (3.3) 64 (1.1) 529 (2.5)
Slovenia 24 (1.2) 563 (2.4) 15 (0.6) 533 (3.8) 55 (1.1) 510 (2.0)
South Africa s 17 (1.4) 450 (14.3) 7 (0.4) 366 (10.6) 35 (0.9) 315 (5.4)
Spain s 30 (1.8) 551 (2.9) 12 (0.8) 529 (5.6) 27 (1.2) 523 (3.6)
Sweden r 34 (2.0) 576 (3.1) 37 (1.1) 552 (2.3) 22 (1.2) 538 (3.8)
Trinidad and Tobago r 9 (0.9) 519 (7.6) 28 (1.4) 471 (6.1) 37 (1.3) 434 (5.4)
United States – – – – – – – – – – – –
International Avg. 25 (0.2) 543 (0.8) 21 (0.1) 515 (0.8) 31 (0.2) 496 (0.7)
A dash (–) indicates comparable data are not available. A tilde (~) indicates insufficient
data to report achievement.
NOTE: The International Average does not include the results from the Canadian provinces.
SOURCE: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006