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chapter 7: school contexts
Exhibit 7.1: 7.1 Principals’ Reports on on Their Their Schools’ Locations with with Trends
Countries
2006
Percent
of Students
Urban Suburban Rural
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
2006
Percent
of Students
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
2006
Percent
of Students
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
Austria 31 (3.4) 529 (4.4) ◊ ◊ 20 (3.2) 542 (5.5) ◊ ◊ 48 (3.7) 543 (2.5) ◊ ◊
Belgium (Flemish) 21 (3.6) 541 (5.4) ◊ ◊ 37 (4.7) 546 (3.7) ◊ ◊ 42 (4.8) 551 (2.4) ◊ ◊
Belgium (French) r 47 (4.0) 494 (5.5) ◊ ◊ 21 (3.9) 496 (5.7) ◊ ◊ 33 (3.8) 512 (4.2) ◊ ◊
Bulgaria 70 (3.0) 557 (5.2) 6 (4.1) 5 (1.7) 550 (10.8) –6 (3.1) i 24 (2.5) 516 (10.8) 0 (3.4)
Canada, Alberta 46 (4.5) 559 (3.8) ◊ ◊ 26 (3.5) 572 (4.4) ◊ ◊ 28 (3.5) 550 (4.1) ◊ ◊
Canada, British Columbia 38 (4.3) 555 (4.3) ◊ ◊ 46 (4.7) 565 (3.5) ◊ ◊ 17 (3.2) 545 (6.2) ◊ ◊
Canada, Nova Scotia 25 (3.2) 542 (6.5) ◊ ◊ 26 (3.2) 551 (3.9) ◊ ◊ 50 (3.5) 537 (2.6) ◊ ◊
Canada, Ontario 51 (4.9) 549 (4.1) 8 (6.9) 36 (5.0) 563 (4.3) 1 (7.0) 14 (3.2) 552 (4.9) –9 (5.1)
Canada, Quebec 51 (4.8) 533 (3.7) 15 (6.7) h 28 (4.0) 538 (6.5) –19 (6.3) i 20 (3.6) 528 (5.6) 3 (5.0)
Chinese Taipei – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Denmark 33 (4.1) 545 (3.4) ◊ ◊ 30 (3.4) 555 (3.9) ◊ ◊ 37 (4.0) 542 (4.4) ◊ ◊
England r 45 (4.2) 523 (5.3) –2 (6.5) 35 (3.9) 553 (5.1) 4 (6.0) 19 (3.7) 564 (5.2) –1 (5.2)
France 34 (4.0) 522 (4.3) –2 (5.7) 25 (3.9) 518 (6.3) –5 (5.7) 41 (3.9) 524 (2.5) 6 (5.3)
Georgia 42 (3.6) 486 (4.5) ◊ ◊ 15 (2.7) 465 (8.1) ◊ ◊ 43 (2.6) 459 (5.1) ◊ ◊
Germany 37 (3.3) 535 (4.6) 4 (4.4) 19 (3.1) 557 (3.9) –3 (4.3) 44 (4.0) 555 (2.3) –1 (5.5)
Hong Kong SAR 58 (4.4) 573 (3.1) 6 (5.3) 37 (4.1) 555 (4.5) –9 (4.9) 5 (1.9) 540 (11.0) 3 (2.2)
Hungary 28 (2.2) 565 (6.6) 0 (3.3) 40 (2.5) 557 (5.0) 5 (3.4) 31 (1.8) 528 (4.7) –5 (2.5) i
Iceland r 33 (0.3) 518 (2.0) –3 (0.5) i 37 (0.3) 509 (2.3) –6 (0.5) i 30 (0.4) 506 (2.3) 9 (0.5) h
Indonesia 12 (2.2) 451 (9.7) ◊ ◊ 14 (2.7) 425 (9.6) ◊ ◊ 74 (2.9) 393 (4.8) ◊ ◊
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 50 (2.9) 454 (4.1) 1 (4.7) 15 (2.2) 415 (10.3) 6 (3.3) h 35 (2.8) 376 (5.7) –8 (4.2)
Israel 49 (3.9) 534 (6.0) –3 (5.5) 18 (2.8) 529 (13.1) –4 (4.3) 33 (3.8) 472 (10.2) 7 (5.0)
Italy 70 (3.6) 554 (2.9) –6 (4.8) 15 (2.8) 555 (9.2) 1 (3.8) 15 (3.1) 533 (9.9) 5 (3.8)
Kuwait 26 (3.6) 355 (7.6) ◊ ◊ 61 (4.0) 321 (5.8) ◊ ◊ 14 (3.0) 311 (12.1) ◊ ◊
Latvia 70 (0.7) 548 (2.4) 26 (3.9) h 3 (1.5) 528 (6.6) –15 (4.2) i 27 (1.7) 525 (5.9) –10 (3.4) i
Lithuania 72 (2.3) 544 (1.9) 1 (3.6) 3 (1.4) 549 (10.7) –3 (2.5) 26 (2.1) 516 (3.4) 3 (3.2)
1 Luxembourg – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Macedonia, Rep. of r 51 (3.6) 477 (6.9) –6 (4.9) 18 (3.5) 443 (13.8) 3 (4.5) 31 (2.6) 401 (9.5) 3 (4.1)
Moldova, Rep. of 29 (2.4) 517 (4.5) 2 (4.1) 6 (2.4) 498 (17.6) –8 (4.5) 65 (2.5) 492 (3.9) 6 (4.5)
Morocco r 37 (3.3) 363 (7.2) –3 (5.5) 18 (3.6) 334 (15.8) –3 (5.7) 45 (3.7) 296 (13.5) 6 (5.5)
Netherlands 26 (4.0) 538 (4.1) –5 (5.6) 33 (4.7) 553 (3.2) 10 (6.0) 41 (3.5) 547 (2.5) –5 (5.2)
New Zealand 41 (3.2) 536 (3.3) 3 (5.1) 39 (3.0) 527 (3.6) –1 (4.7) 21 (2.3) 535 (5.3) –2 (3.7)
Norway 20 (3.6) 502 (3.8) 1 (5.0) 30 (3.9) 504 (3.9) 4 (5.5) 50 (4.2) 492 (4.2) –6 (5.5)
Poland 52 (2.1) 528 (2.9) ◊ ◊ 5 (1.7) 529 (11.0) ◊ ◊ 43 (1.9) 508 (3.8) ◊ ◊
Qatar 65 (0.2) 362 (1.5) ◊ ◊ 32 (0.2) 336 (2.0) ◊ ◊ 3 (0.0) 318 (8.4) ◊ ◊
Romania 47 (2.2) 515 (6.5) –3 (3.4) 5 (1.9) 498 (14.8) 1 (2.8) 48 (2.4) 462 (8.0) 2 (3.6)
Russian Federation 63 (2.0) 581 (3.4) 8 (3.2) h 6 (1.3) 563 (8.8) 4 (2.3) 31 (2.2) 532 (6.1) –12 (3.3) i
Scotland r 32 (3.5) 517 (4.8) –2 (5.6) 36 (4.3) 539 (5.3) –3 (6.9) 32 (3.9) 528 (6.8) 6 (5.9)
Singapore 100 (0.0) 558 (2.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) ~ ~ 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) ~ ~ 0 (0.0)
Slovak Republic 52 (3.0) 544 (2.9) 2 (4.8) 8 (2.5) 537 (8.0) –2 (3.5) 40 (3.3) 512 (5.9) 0 (4.5)
Slovenia 36 (4.2) 529 (3.6) –4 (5.3) 37 (4.0) 520 (3.1) 10 (5.5) 27 (3.7) 512 (3.6) –6 (4.7)
South Africa 17 (1.8) 350 (19.5) ◊ ◊ 21 (2.2) 381 (14.9) ◊ ◊ 62 (2.0) 261 (3.8) ◊ ◊
Spain 58 (4.3) 524 (3.4) ◊ ◊ 20 (3.3) 497 (6.8) ◊ ◊ 21 (3.4) 498 (7.1) ◊ ◊
Sweden 27 (4.1) 549 (3.8) 12 (5.1) h 55 (4.1) 549 (3.4) –12 (5.6) i 18 (2.8) 550 (4.7) 0 (4.5)
Trinidad and Tobago 19 (2.5) 470 (13.0) ◊ ◊ 50 (3.7) 441 (7.0) ◊ ◊ 32 (3.0) 408 (8.9) ◊ ◊
United States 28 (3.5) 524 (4.4) –5 (4.9) 47 (3.9) 550 (3.2) 13 (6.1) h 25 (2.7) 539 (9.1) –8 (4.2)
International Avg. 43 (0.5) 508 (1.0) 24 (0.5) 501 (1.4) 33 (0.5) 483 (1.1)
Background data provided by schools.
( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest
whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.
An “r” indicates data are available for 70–84% of the students. An “s” indicates data are
available for 50–69% of the students. An “x” indicates data are available for less than
50% of the students.
A dash (–) indicates comparable data are not available. A tilde (~) indicates insufficient
data to report achievement.
h Percent in 2006 significantly higher
i Percent in 2006 significantly lower
A diamond (◊) indicates the country did not participate in the 2001 assessment.
249
NOTE: The International Average does not include the results from the Canadian provinces.
Trend Note: The primary education systems of the Russian Federation and Slovenia
underwent structural changes. Data for Canada, Ontario include only public schools.
1 Primary schools in Luxembourg do not have principals.
PIRLS 2006
4th Grade
SOURCE: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006