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130 chapter 3: literacy-related activities in the home
Exhibit 3.9: 3.9 Parents Reading for for Enjoyment with with Trends
Countries
Every Day or Almost Every Day Once or Twice a Week Twice a Month or Less
2006
Percent
of Students
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
2006
Percent
of Students
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
2006
Percent
of Students
Average
Achievement
Difference
in Percent
from 2001
Norway 66 (1.0) 505 (2.5) 7 (1.6) h 23 (0.9) 493 (4.2) –4 (1.4) i 11 (0.7) 489 (6.5) –3 (0.9) i
Sweden 64 (0.9) 556 (2.4) –3 (1.3) i 21 (0.8) 546 (2.9) –1 (1.1) 15 (0.7) 540 (4.6) 5 (0.9) h
Scotland s 63 (1.3) 550 (4.0) 1 (1.8) 23 (0.9) 531 (5.3) –3 (1.5) 14 (1.1) 525 (7.0) 2 (1.4)
Iceland r 61 (0.9) 523 (1.9) –1 (1.2) 21 (0.8) 513 (2.9) –4 (1.1) i 18 (0.6) 498 (3.3) 5 (0.8) h
New Zealand s 60 (1.1) 557 (2.4) 4 (1.6) h 25 (0.9) 539 (3.6) –4 (1.4) i 15 (0.7) 528 (4.1) 0 (1.1)
Netherlands s 59 (1.2) 562 (1.8) –1 (1.8) 25 (0.9) 548 (2.9) –3 (1.3) i 16 (0.9) 543 (2.6) 4 (1.2) h
Trinidad and Tobago 59 (0.9) 441 (5.1) ◊ ◊ 31 (1.0) 436 (6.1) ◊ ◊ 10 (0.7) 434 (9.2) ◊ ◊
Germany r 58 (0.9) 561 (2.4) 7 (1.3) h 28 (0.7) 544 (2.9) –3 (1.0) i 14 (0.6) 535 (4.5) –3 (0.9) i
Denmark 57 (1.0) 554 (2.6) ◊ ◊ 27 (0.9) 544 (3.0) ◊ ◊ 16 (0.7) 534 (5.0) ◊ ◊
Latvia 57 (1.3) 547 (2.7) 3 (2.0) 32 (1.1) 537 (3.4) –3 (1.5) 11 (0.6) 532 (4.2) 0 (1.2)
Canada, British Columbia r 57 (1.1) 569 (3.2) ◊ ◊ 29 (1.1) 560 (3.5) ◊ ◊ 15 (0.7) 547 (4.7) ◊ ◊
Canada, Alberta r 55 (1.2) 571 (2.8) ◊ ◊ 29 (1.0) 561 (3.5) ◊ ◊ 17 (0.7) 554 (3.7) ◊ ◊
Luxembourg 54 (0.7) 573 (1.3) ◊ ◊ 29 (0.7) 544 (2.4) ◊ ◊ 18 (0.6) 543 (2.4) ◊ ◊
Canada, Nova Scotia 53 (0.9) 556 (2.1) ◊ ◊ 27 (0.8) 539 (2.8) ◊ ◊ 19 (0.7) 528 (3.2) ◊ ◊
Austria 53 (1.1) 549 (2.3) ◊ ◊ 30 (0.9) 533 (3.2) ◊ ◊ 17 (0.7) 524 (2.9) ◊ ◊
Lithuania 51 (1.1) 542 (2.0) –1 (1.5) 36 (1.0) 532 (2.1) –1 (1.4) 12 (0.6) 534 (2.6) 2 (0.9)
Belgium (French) 51 (1.3) 512 (2.9) ◊ ◊ 32 (0.9) 496 (3.3) ◊ ◊ 17 (0.8) 483 (4.4) ◊ ◊
Canada, Ontario r 51 (1.0) 563 (3.4) –2 (1.6) 32 (1.1) 552 (3.0) 1 (1.6) 18 (0.9) 547 (4.5) 1 (1.3)
France 50 (1.0) 535 (2.5) –1 (1.4) 32 (0.8) 518 (2.6) –2 (1.2) 19 (0.8) 505 (3.0) 3 (1.1) h
Spain s 50 (1.2) 531 (3.0) ◊ ◊ 33 (1.0) 512 (3.6) ◊ ◊ 18 (0.7) 507 (4.5) ◊ ◊
Singapore 50 (0.7) 569 (3.0) 14 (1.1) h 33 (0.7) 552 (3.1) –3 (0.9) i 17 (0.5) 546 (4.3) –11 (0.9) i
Canada, Quebec r 49 (1.4) 542 (3.2) 1 (1.9) 32 (1.2) 536 (3.5) –2 (1.7) 18 (0.9) 518 (4.1) 1 (1.4)
Italy 49 (1.0) 564 (3.0) 2 (1.4) 32 (1.0) 547 (3.7) –4 (1.2) i 19 (0.9) 535 (4.2) 2 (1.2)
Hungary 49 (1.0) 561 (3.2) –2 (1.4) 37 (0.8) 546 (3.7) 1 (1.2) 14 (0.6) 544 (4.4) 1 (0.9)
Macedonia, Rep. of r 48 (1.1) 459 (4.6) 7 (1.7) h 41 (0.9) 441 (4.5) 0 (1.4) 11 (0.9) 423 (8.4) –7 (1.5) i
South Africa r 48 (0.7) 322 (7.5) ◊ ◊ 36 (0.5) 301 (5.2) ◊ ◊ 16 (0.5) 276 (6.3) ◊ ◊
Israel 47 (1.4) 538 (5.0) x x 39 (1.2) 520 (4.4) x x 15 (0.7) 508 (6.5) x x
Slovak Republic 46 (1.0) 544 (2.4) –2 (1.5) 39 (1.0) 529 (3.2) 0 (1.4) 14 (0.8) 504 (7.7) 3 (1.0) h
Slovenia 45 (0.8) 530 (2.4) 4 (1.3) h 36 (0.8) 520 (2.6) –6 (1.2) i 18 (0.6) 510 (3.3) 2 (0.9) h
Poland 45 (0.9) 529 (3.0) ◊ ◊ 41 (0.8) 517 (2.8) ◊ ◊ 14 (0.6) 504 (4.5) ◊ ◊
Qatar r 44 (0.7) 361 (2.3) ◊ ◊ 39 (0.7) 357 (2.3) ◊ ◊ 17 (0.5) 348 (3.8) ◊ ◊
Kuwait r 44 (1.2) 339 (5.4) ◊ ◊ 36 (0.9) 337 (5.4) ◊ ◊ 20 (0.9) 335 (5.9) ◊ ◊
Russian Federation 42 (1.0) 573 (3.7) –7 (1.6) i 41 (0.8) 560 (3.9) 6 (1.4) h 17 (0.6) 557 (3.6) 1 (1.1)
Belgium (Flemish) 40 (0.9) 558 (2.2) ◊ ◊ 33 (0.8) 545 (2.4) ◊ ◊ 27 (1.0) 538 (2.4) ◊ ◊
Georgia 39 (1.3) 486 (3.4) ◊ ◊ 44 (1.0) 467 (3.2) ◊ ◊ 17 (1.2) 450 (7.6) ◊ ◊
Bulgaria 39 (1.4) 565 (4.2) –14 (2.1) i 34 (1.1) 547 (4.7) 6 (1.6) h 27 (2.0) 532 (7.6) 8 (2.6) h
Hong Kong SAR 36 (0.8) 574 (2.3) 6 (1.4) h 39 (0.7) 561 (2.6) 10 (1.0) h 25 (0.6) 558 (3.4) –15 (1.3) i
Chinese Taipei 35 (0.9) 547 (2.5) ◊ ◊ 42 (0.7) 536 (2.5) ◊ ◊ 23 (0.7) 520 (2.4) ◊ ◊
Moldova, Rep. of 35 (1.1) 509 (3.3) –1 (1.9) 46 (1.1) 498 (3.5) 6 (1.7) h 20 (1.5) 491 (5.9) –5 (1.9) i
Indonesia 31 (1.2) 413 (4.6) ◊ ◊ 44 (1.3) 405 (4.5) ◊ ◊ 25 (1.3) 395 (4.9) ◊ ◊
Romania 27 (1.1) 514 (4.7) 11 (1.6) h 43 (1.0) 497 (4.8) 11 (1.7) h 30 (1.4) 459 (8.0) –22 (2.4) i
Morocco 24 (1.1) 346 (6.4) – – 34 (1.4) 329 (5.3) – – 42 (1.9) 308 (10.9) – –
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 24 (1.1) 441 (4.9) 2 (1.5) 41 (1.1) 426 (3.4) 6 (1.8) h 35 (1.6) 402 (4.3) –8 (2.2) i
England x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
United States – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
International Avg. 47 (0.2) 512 (0.6) 34 (0.2) 498 (0.6) 18 (0.2) 487 (0.9)
Background data provided by parents.
( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest
whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.
An “r” indicates data are available for 70–84% of the students. An “s” indicates data are
available for 50–69% of the students. An “x” indicates data are available for less than
50% of the students.
h Percent in 2006 significantly higher
i Percent in 2006 significantly lower
A dash (–) indicates comparable data are not available.
A diamond (◊) indicates the country did not participate in the 2001 assessment.
PIRLS 2006
4th Grade
NOTE: The International Average does not include the results from the Canadian provinces.
Trend Note: The primary education systems of the Russian Federation and Slovenia
underwent structural changes. Data for Canada, Ontario include only public schools.
SOURCE: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006