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chapter 6: teachers and reading instruction
Exhibit Exhibit 6.3 Teachers’ 6.3: Teachers’ Gender, Gender, Age, Age, and and Number Trends of Years in Average Teaching Number of Years Teaching
Countries
Percentage of Students by Teacher Characteristics Trends in Number
of Years Teaching
All Grades
Gender Age
Female Male
29 Years
or Under
30-39
Years
40-49
Years
50 Years
or Older
2006
Difference
from 2001
Austria 88 (2.1) 12 (2.1) 6 (1.7) 17 (2.5) 39 (3.0) 38 (3.2) 22 (0.7) ◊ ◊
Belgium (Flemish) 75 (3.0) 25 (3.0) 28 (3.2) 29 (3.3) 29 (2.9) 14 (2.2) 16 (0.6) ◊ ◊
Belgium (French) 80 (3.0) 20 (3.0) 16 (2.2) 33 (3.2) 37 (3.5) 14 (2.6) 17 (0.6) ◊ ◊
Bulgaria 94 (1.8) 6 (1.8) 3 (1.4) 26 (2.8) 40 (4.0) 31 (3.9) 21 (0.6) 4 (0.9) h
Canada, Alberta 80 (3.2) 20 (3.2) 22 (3.7) 20 (3.3) 26 (3.6) 32 (3.3) 15 (0.8) ◊ ◊
Canada, British Columbia r 72 (3.6) 28 (3.6) r 9 (2.2) 21 (3.0) 32 (4.1) 38 (4.2) 17 (0.8) ◊ ◊
Canada, Nova Scotia 84 (2.9) 16 (2.9) 12 (2.4) 22 (3.4) 25 (3.0) 40 (3.4) 18 (0.7) ◊ ◊
Canada, Ontario 75 (4.8) 25 (4.8) 18 (3.9) 42 (5.2) 21 (4.3) 20 (4.3) 12 (0.9) -4 (1.3) i
Canada, Quebec 86 (3.2) 14 (3.2) 12 (2.3) 37 (4.0) 19 (3.5) 32 (3.7) 17 (0.8) -1 (1.2)
Chinese Taipei 83 (3.2) 17 (3.2) 24 (3.7) 44 (4.1) 27 (3.5) 5 (1.6) 12 (0.6) ◊ ◊
Denmark 90 (2.1) 10 (2.1) 16 (2.9) 24 (3.4) 19 (2.9) 41 (4.3) 16 (1.1) ◊ ◊
England 75 (3.5) 25 (3.5) 30 (3.8) 33 (4.1) 14 (2.9) 23 (3.7) 12 (0.9) -2 (1.3)
France 71 (3.3) 29 (3.3) 17 (2.9) 31 (3.0) 34 (3.4) 18 (2.6) 15 (0.7) -3 (1.1) i
Georgia 100 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 9 (1.6) 28 (3.4) 24 (3.4) 39 (3.6) 20 (0.9) ◊ ◊
Germany 89 (2.4) 11 (2.4) 5 (1.7) 23 (2.9) 22 (3.0) 49 (3.8) 20 (0.9) -3 (1.1) i
Hong Kong SAR 78 (3.7) 22 (3.7) 29 (4.2) 33 (4.1) 19 (3.5) 19 (2.6) 13 (0.7) 0 (1.2)
Hungary 97 (1.6) 3 (1.6) 6 (2.1) 21 (3.1) 48 (3.7) 24 (3.5) 21 (0.7) 3 (1.0) h
Iceland 93 (0.2) 7 (0.2) 13 (0.3) 31 (0.4) 35 (0.4) 22 (0.3) 12 (0.1) -1 (0.1) i
Indonesia 56 (3.9) 44 (3.9) 13 (2.2) 31 (4.1) 39 (3.9) 17 (3.0) 16 (0.8) ◊ ◊
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 50 (2.3) 50 (2.3) 8 (1.6) 44 (3.6) 41 (3.5) 7 (1.9) 17 (0.5) 3 (0.8) h
Israel 92 (1.9) 8 (1.9) 8 (1.8) 41 (4.0) 33 (4.1) 18 (3.4) 16 (0.8) 2 (1.1)
Italy 98 (1.1) 2 (1.1) 2 (1.3) 14 (2.5) 37 (3.5) 47 (3.6) 22 (0.7) 1 (1.0)
Kuwait 86 (2.3) 14 (2.3) 36 (3.8) 48 (3.8) 15 (3.1) 1 (0.0) 8 (0.6) ◊ ◊
Latvia 99 (0.6) 1 (0.0) 7 (2.0) 30 (3.6) 34 (3.6) 29 (3.4) 21 (0.8) 2 (1.3)
Lithuania 99 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.7) 35 (3.4) 40 (3.2) 23 (3.2) 21 (0.6) 1 (1.1)
Luxembourg 55 (0.2) 45 (0.2) 32 (0.2) 24 (0.1) 16 (0.1) 27 (0.1) 15 (0.0) ◊ ◊
Macedonia, Rep. of 70 (3.5) 30 (3.5) 5 (1.7) 24 (3.4) 40 (4.1) 31 (4.2) r 20 (1.0) 0 (1.5)
Moldova, Rep. of 90 (2.8) 10 (2.8) 8 (2.3) 23 (3.7) 36 (4.3) 33 (4.2) 24 (0.9) 5 (1.2) h
Morocco 56 (4.0) 44 (4.0) 18 (3.0) 25 (3.5) 40 (3.4) 17 (2.9) 17 (0.6) 1 (1.0)
Netherlands 68 (3.4) 32 (3.4) 26 (3.5) 19 (3.0) 19 (3.5) 36 (4.0) 17 (1.0) 0 (1.4)
New Zealand 77 (2.7) 23 (2.7) 22 (2.1) 28 (2.6) 26 (2.4) 25 (2.4) 12 (0.6) -1 (1.1)
Norway 91 (1.9) 9 (1.9) 9 (2.7) 28 (3.3) 29 (3.9) 35 (3.9) 16 (1.0) -1 (1.3)
Poland 100 (0.3) 0 (0.3) 2 (1.1) 31 (3.4) 58 (4.0) 8 (2.3) 20 (0.5) ◊ ◊
Qatar r 90 (0.1) 10 (0.1) r 27 (0.2) 54 (0.3) 16 (0.2) 3 (0.1) 11 (0.0) ◊ ◊
Romania 89 (2.4) 11 (2.4) 18 (3.1) 25 (3.3) 27 (3.5) 30 (3.2) 22 (0.9) 2 (1.2)
Russian Federation 98 (1.1) 2 (1.1) 6 (1.6) 38 (3.7) 35 (3.5) 21 (2.8) 22 (0.6) 2 (1.0) h
Scotland 96 (1.6) 4 (1.6) 26 (3.8) 19 (2.8) 18 (3.5) 37 (4.2) 16 (1.1) -2 (1.5)
Singapore 75 (2.2) 25 (2.2) 37 (2.6) 42 (3.0) 16 (2.4) 6 (1.0) 9 (0.4) -2 (1.0) i
Slovak Republic 93 (1.7) 7 (1.7) 13 (2.4) 37 (3.5) 25 (2.7) 25 (3.2) 17 (0.8) 0 (1.2)
Slovenia 98 (1.1) 2 (1.1) 12 (2.2) 24 (2.9) 44 (3.0) 19 (2.4) 19 (0.7) 0 (1.0)
South Africa 71 (2.5) 29 (2.5) 4 (1.2) 44 (2.8) 32 (2.9) 20 (2.3) 15 (0.4) ◊ ◊
Spain 78 (3.6) 22 (3.6) 11 (2.4) 16 (2.6) 25 (3.4) 49 (3.8) 22 (0.9) ◊ ◊
Sweden 84 (2.8) 16 (2.8) 9 (1.7) 29 (3.3) 24 (2.9) 38 (3.6) 17 (1.0) 1 (1.2)
Trinidad and Tobago 82 (3.0) 18 (3.0) 11 (2.5) 37 (3.6) 28 (3.3) 24 (3.0) 19 (0.7) ◊ ◊
United States 85 (2.7) 15 (2.7) 21 (2.8) 27 (2.8) 28 (3.7) 25 (3.4) 12 (0.7) -3 (1.1) i
International Avg. 83 (0.4) 17 (0.4) 15 (0.4) 30 (0.5) 30 (0.5) 25 (0.5) 17 (0.1) 0 (0.0)
Background data provided by teachers.
( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest
whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.
An “r” indicates data are available for 70–84% of the students. An “s” indicates data are
available for 50–69% of the students. An “x” indicates data are available for less than
50% of the students.
Number of years in 2006 significantly higher h Number of years in 2006 significantly lower i
A diamond (◊) indicates the country did not participate in the 2001 assessment.
201
PIRLS 2006
4th Grade
NOTE: The International Average does not include the results from the Canadian provinces.
Trend Note: The primary education systems of the Russian Federation and Slovenia
underwent structural changes. Data for Canada, Ontario include only public schools.
SOURCE: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006