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Chapter 2 67 Performance at the PIRLS 2006 International Benchmarks How Does Performance in Countries Compare with the PIRLS 2006 International Benchmarks? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Exhibit 2.1 Percentages of Students Reaching the PIRLS 2006 International Benchmarks of Reading Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Exhibit 2.2 Trends in Percentages of Students Reaching the PIRLS 2006 International Benchmarks of Reading Achievement in 2001 and 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 How Were the Benchmark Descriptions Developed?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 How Should the Benchmark Descriptions Be Interpreted? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Exhibit 2.3 Description of Texts in PIRLS 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Achievement at the PIRLS 2006 Low International Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Exhibit 2.4 Description of the PIRLS 2006 Low International Benchmark of Reading Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Exhibit 2.5 PIRLS 2006 Low International Benchmark – Item 1 – Literary Example . . . . . . . . . . 81 Exhibit 2.6 PIRLS 2006 Low International Benchmark – Item 2 – Literary Example . . . . . . . . . . 82 Exhibit 2.7 PIRLS 2006 Low International Benchmark – Item 3 – Informational Example . . . . . . 83 Exhibit 2.8 PIRLS 2006 Low International Benchmark – Item 4 – Informational Example . . . . . . 84 Achievement at the PIRLS 2006 Intermediate International Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Exhibit 2.9 Description of the PIRLS 2006 Intermediate International Benchmark of Reading Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Exhibit 2.10 PIRLS 2006 Intermediate International Benchmark – Item 5 – Literary Example . . . . . 87 Exhibit 2.11 PIRLS 2006 Intermediate International Benchmark – Item 6 – Literary Example . . . . . 88 Exhibit 2.12 PIRLS 2006 Intermediate International Benchmark – Item 7 – Informational Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Exhibit 2.13 PIRLS 2006 Intermediate International Benchmark – Item 8 – Informational Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Achievement at the PIRLS 2006 High International Benchmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Exhibit 2.14 Description of the PIRLS 2006 High International Benchmark of Reading Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Exhibit 2.15 PIRLS 2006 High International Benchmark – Item 9 – Literary Example . . . . . . . . . . 93 Exhibit 2.16 PIRLS 2006 High International Benchmark – Item 10 – Literary Example . . . . . . . . . 94 Exhibit 2.17 PIRLS 2006 High International Benchmark – Item 11 – Informational Example . . . . . 95 Exhibit 2.18 PIRLS 2006 High International Benchmark – Item 12 – Informational Example . . . . . 96 Achievement at the PIRLS 2006 Advanced International Benchmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Exhibit 2.19 Description of the PIRLS 2006 Advanced International Benchmark of Reading Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Exhibit 2.20 PIRLS 2006 Advanced International Benchmark – Item 13 – Literary Example . . . . . 100 Exhibit 2.21 PIRLS 2006 Advanced International Benchmark – Item 14 – Literary Example . . . . . 101 Exhibit 2.22 PIRLS 2006 Advanced International Benchmark – Item 15 – Informational Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Exhibit 2.23 PIRLS 2006 Advanced International Benchmark – Item 16 – Informational Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Chapter 3 105 Literacy-related Activities in the Home What Activities Fostering Literacy Did Parents Engage in with Their Child? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Exhibit 3.1 Index of Early Home Literacy Activities (EHLA) with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 What Literacy Resources Do Students Have in Their Homes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Exhibit 3.2 Index of Home Educational Resources (HER) with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Exhibit 3.3 Parents’ Reports of Children’s Books in the Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Exhibit 3.4 Trends in Parents’ Reports of Children’s Books in the Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Exhibit 3.5 Highest Level of Education of Either Parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Exhibit 3.6 Parents’ Employment Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Exhibit 3.7 Parents' Occupational Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 What Are Parents’ Reading Habits and Attitudes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Exhibit 3.8 Parents Reading* at Home with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Exhibit 3.9 Parents Reading for Enjoyment with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Exhibit 3.10 Index of Parents’ Attitudes Toward Reading (PATR) with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 What Languages Are Spoken at Home? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Exhibit 3.11 Students and Parents Speak Language of the Test at Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Exhibit 3.12 Students’ Parents Born in Country with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Chapter 4 139 Students’ Reading Attitudes, Self-Concept, and Out-of-School Activities What Are Students’ Attitudes Toward Reading? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Exhibit 4.1 Index of Students’ Attitudes Toward Reading (SATR) with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 What Are Students’ Perceptions of Their Reading Ability? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Exhibit 4.2 Index of Students’ Reading Self-Concept (SRSC) with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 How Often Do Children Engage in Literacy Activities Outside of School? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Exhibit 4.3 Students Reading Stories or Novels Outside of School with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Exhibit 4.4 Students Reading for Information Outside of School with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Exhibit 4.5 Students Read Stories or Articles Outside of School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Exhibit 4.6 Students Reading for Fun Outside of School with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Chapter 5 157 School Curriculum and Organization for Teaching Reading How Well Prepared Are Students to Learn to Read? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Exhibit 5.1 Number of Years Children Attended Preprimary Education (Preschool, Kindergarten, and Other Similar Programs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Exhibit 5.2 Age Students Began Primary School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Exhibit 5.3 How Well Students Could Perform Beginning Literacy Activities When They Entered School with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Exhibit 5.4 Principals’ Estimates of the Percentage of Students Entering School Able to Perform Beginning Literacy Skills with Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 How Much Is Reading Emphasized in the School Curriculum?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Exhibit 5.5 Structural Characteristics of Reading Curricula for Primary/Elementary Grades . . . . 169
Page 3 and 4: PIRLS 2006 International Report IEA
Page 5: Contents Executive Summary 1 Introd
Page 9 and 10: Exhibit 6.16 Students Answer Questi
Page 11: Appendix C 327 Percentiles and Stan
Page 14 and 15: executive summary Building on the P
Page 16 and 17: Changes in Reading Achievement: PIR
Page 18 and 19: executive summary percentages of st
Page 20 and 21: ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ executive summa
Page 22 and 23: 10 executive summary ▶ ▶ ▶
Page 24: 1 executive summary ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶
Page 28 and 29: 16 introduction The IEA (Internatio
Page 30 and 31: 18 introduction An important innova
Page 32 and 33: 20 introduction What Background Inf
Page 34 and 35: 22 introduction Exhibit Countries P
Page 36 and 37: 24 introduction For the sake of com
Page 38 and 39: 26 introduction Exhibit 2 Exhibit 2
Page 40 and 41: 28 introduction Which Students Were
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Chapter 3 Literacy-related Activiti
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Chapter 5 School Curriculum and Org
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Appendix A Supplementary Informatio
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appendix a: overview of pirls 2006
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Appendix B Multiple Comparisons of
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Appendix D Sample Passages, Questio
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Questions Unbelievable Night append
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Appendix E Item Descriptions Develo
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appendix e: reading items used for
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Appendix G Organizations and Indivi
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TIMSS & PIRLS International Study C
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