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chapter 5: school curriculum <strong>and</strong> organization for teaching reading<br />
Exhibit 5.18 Availability Exhibit 5.18: of Specialists<br />
Availability of Specialists<br />
Countries<br />
Background data provided by teachers.<br />
Percentage of Students in Classrooms with<br />
Remedial Reading Specialist Available* Other Specialist(s) Available No Access to<br />
Any<br />
Specialist<br />
Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never<br />
Austria 2 (1.1) 21 (2.6) 77 (2.7) 2 (0.8) 44 (3.3) 53 (3.3) 45 (3.3)<br />
Belgium (Flemish) 18 (3.1) 61 (4.4) 20 (3.4) 7 (2.0) 37 (3.9) 56 (4.1) 15 (3.0)<br />
Belgium (French) 3 (1.3) 14 (2.4) 82 (2.8) 17 (2.4) 53 (4.2) 30 (4.0) 24 (3.8)<br />
Bulgaria 4 (1.4) 7 (2.3) 89 (2.7) 7 (2.1) 24 (3.4) 69 (3.6) 62 (3.7)<br />
Canada, Alberta 13 (2.7) 44 (4.0) 42 (3.7) 5 (1.7) 70 (3.9) 26 (3.6) 15 (2.7)<br />
Canada, British Columbia r 23 (3.3) 58 (4.0) 19 (3.3) r 9 (2.7) 77 (3.9) 14 (3.3) r 3 (1.6)<br />
Canada, Nova Scotia 25 (3.1) 61 (3.4) 14 (2.6) 9 (2.2) 80 (3.3) 11 (2.6) 3 (1.1)<br />
Canada, Ontario 17 (3.9) 41 (4.9) 42 (5.1) 7 (2.9) 63 (5.3) 30 (4.6) 17 (3.4)<br />
Canada, Quebec 5 (1.6) 40 (4.5) 56 (4.8) 15 (3.0) 69 (4.3) 16 (3.3) 7 (2.0)<br />
Chinese Taipei 7 (2.1) 21 (3.6) 73 (3.8) 2 (1.2) 12 (2.6) 86 (2.7) 69 (3.9)<br />
Denmark 30 (3.2) 65 (3.1) 5 (1.7) 5 (2.1) 53 (3.9) 42 (3.6) 4 (1.5)<br />
Engl<strong>and</strong> 24 (3.7) 60 (4.5) 16 (3.0) 2 (1.1) 62 (3.8) 36 (3.9) 8 (1.9)<br />
France 6 (1.4) 33 (3.2) 61 (3.5) r 1 (0.6) 12 (2.7) 87 (2.8) 50 (3.7)<br />
Georgia 6 (1.9) 23 (3.7) 70 (4.1) 3 (1.2) 40 (4.4) 58 (4.5) 50 (4.9)<br />
Germany 5 (1.6) 35 (3.4) 59 (3.6) 3 (1.1) 11 (2.2) 86 (2.4) 58 (3.7)<br />
Hong Kong SAR 2 (1.1) 4 (1.3) 94 (1.7) 1 (0.9) 6 (2.1) 93 (2.3) 89 (2.7)<br />
Hungary 8 (2.2) 15 (3.0) 77 (3.4) 22 (3.6) 43 (3.6) 35 (3.8) 29 (3.8)<br />
Icel<strong>and</strong> 35 (0.4) 59 (0.4) 6 (0.1) 7 (0.2) 40 (0.4) 53 (0.4) 5 (0.1)<br />
Indonesia 15 (2.6) 23 (3.5) 62 (3.7) 2 (0.9) 10 (2.8) 89 (3.0) 63 (3.9)<br />
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 4 (1.5) 13 (2.6) 83 (3.2) 0 (0.0) 6 (1.9) 94 (1.9) 82 (3.5)<br />
Israel 36 (4.0) 41 (4.0) 24 (3.4) 3 (1.6) 29 (3.9) 68 (3.9) 22 (3.3)<br />
Italy 0 (0.0) 5 (1.7) 95 (1.7) 2 (1.0) 6 (1.9) 92 (2.2) 89 (2.7)<br />
Kuwait 3 (1.4) 7 (2.3) 90 (2.7) 5 (1.9) 18 (2.9) 77 (3.3) r 73 (3.7)<br />
Latvia 13 (2.7) 16 (2.8) 71 (3.3) 39 (4.0) 41 (4.4) 20 (3.4) 16 (3.1)<br />
Lithuania 7 (1.7) 16 (2.1) 77 (2.7) 44 (3.1) 45 (3.3) 11 (2.0) 10 (1.8)<br />
Luxembourg 11 (0.1) 21 (0.1) 68 (0.2) 3 (0.1) 10 (0.1) 87 (0.1) 62 (0.2)<br />
Macedonia, Rep. of 5 (1.7) 9 (2.5) 86 (3.0) 12 (2.8) 48 (4.0) 41 (3.8) 37 (4.0)<br />
Moldova, Rep. of 5 (1.5) 8 (2.3) 87 (2.6) 3 (1.1) 13 (2.8) 84 (3.0) 74 (3.6)<br />
Morocco 1 (0.1) 6 (1.7) 93 (1.7) 1 (0.9) 1 (0.8) 98 (1.2) 91 (2.1)<br />
Netherl<strong>and</strong>s 29 (4.0) 57 (4.5) 14 (3.0) 1 (0.0) 35 (4.3) 64 (4.4) 12 (2.9)<br />
New Zeal<strong>and</strong> 27 (2.4) 40 (3.1) 33 (2.7) 11 (1.8) 60 (3.2) 28 (2.9) 16 (2.2)<br />
Norway 7 (2.5) 42 (4.4) 51 (4.1) 3 (1.4) 51 (5.1) 46 (4.8) 30 (4.3)<br />
Pol<strong>and</strong> 26 (3.6) 26 (3.1) 48 (3.6) 23 (3.4) 61 (4.1) 15 (2.8) 8 (1.8)<br />
Qatar s 6 (0.1) 7 (0.2) 86 (0.2) s 12 (0.2) 14 (0.2) 74 (0.3) s 71 (0.3)<br />
Romania 3 (1.1) 13 (2.4) 84 (2.6) 4 (1.4) 22 (3.2) 74 (3.4) 66 (3.8)<br />
Russian Federation 15 (2.3) 22 (2.5) 63 (3.3) 27 (3.1) 49 (3.4) 24 (2.9) 24 (3.2)<br />
Scotl<strong>and</strong> 18 (3.2) 36 (4.5) 46 (4.4) r 10 (3.2) 72 (4.1) 18 (3.2) 8 (2.5)<br />
Singapore 7 (1.5) 14 (1.7) 79 (2.0) 5 (1.3) 18 (2.5) 77 (2.5) 69 (2.5)<br />
Slovak Republic 5 (1.4) 19 (2.8) 76 (2.9) 12 (2.4) 50 (3.9) 38 (3.5) 37 (3.5)<br />
Slovenia 18 (2.5) 56 (3.2) 27 (2.9) 15 (2.5) 52 (3.2) 32 (3.3) 10 (1.8)<br />
South Africa 10 (1.7) 13 (1.9) 77 (2.5) 4 (1.3) 10 (1.8) 86 (2.1) 74 (2.6)<br />
Spain 27 (3.5) 59 (4.1) 14 (3.0) 19 (2.7) 51 (3.9) 31 (3.6) r 6 (2.0)<br />
Sweden 8 (2.0) 80 (3.0) 13 (2.6) 4 (1.5) 53 (4.0) 43 (4.0) 9 (2.0)<br />
Trinidad <strong>and</strong> Tobago 5 (1.9) 10 (2.4) 85 (2.9) 1 (0.9) 6 (1.8) 93 (2.0) 82 (2.9)<br />
United States 34 (4.2) 37 (4.2) 29 (2.9) 27 (2.9) 60 (3.4) 13 (2.3) 8 (1.9)<br />
International Avg. 12 (0.4) 28 (0.5) 60 (0.5) 9 (0.3) 33 (0.5) 58 (0.5) 41 (0.5)<br />
* Remedial Reading Specialist Available indicates that a specialist was available either in<br />
the classroom or in a remedial reading classroom.<br />
( ) St<strong>and</strong>ard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest<br />
whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.<br />
An “r” indicates data are available for 70–84% of the students. An “s” indicates data are<br />
available for 50–69% of the students. An “x” indicates data are available for less than<br />
50% of the students.<br />
193<br />
<strong>PIRLS</strong> 2006<br />
4th Grade<br />
NOTE: The International Average does not include the results from the Canadian provinces.<br />
SOURCE: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (<strong>PIRLS</strong>) 2006
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