GGCA Gender and Climate Change Training Manual - Women's ...

Handout 2. Establishing the linkages between MDGs, climate change and gender
Millennium
Development Goals
Threats due to
climate change
Gender implications
100
MDG 1:
Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
Reduction of
agricultural
production for
survival and
commercial ends
Food security
at risk
Women make up the majority of the world’s poor – of
the 1.3 billion poor worldwide, 70% are women.
Loss or reduction of domestic species of plants and
animals used by women to ensure food security
of their families. Atmospheric brown clouds (ABC) due
to aerosol loads and greenhouse gas (GHG)
concentrations have reduced historical rice harvests
(Cramer, 2006). Rice is the major caloric intake of
developing countries. Women are already more
vulnerable to nutritional problems (for example, 50%
of the women and children in developing countries are
anaemic) due to physical, social, economic, gender and
cultural issues (e.g., pregnancy, lactation, inequitable
food distribution within families).
Reduction or extinction of marine species used by
women for household consumption or for productive
activities.
In some cases, the trade-offs between consumption
and survival can exacerbate gender bias in nutrition.
Research in India has found that girls’ nutrition suffers
most during periods of low consumption and rising food
prices, and that rainfall shortages are more strongly
associated with deaths among girls than boys (UNDP,
2007).
MDG 2:
Achieve universal
primary education
Increases the
workload needed
for agricultural
production and
subsistence
activities
Environmental
changes are likely to
drive migration
Generally, girls and women are responsible for the
collection of water and fuelwood. In the poorest areas
of the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, women
and girls can spend 3–4 hours per day on these tasks.
Flooding, drought and desertification can extend these
burdens geographically, forcing more girls in more
communities to forego education. Of the 115 million
children of the world who do not go to school, threefifths
are girls, and women constitute 75% of the world’s
illiterate population (Oxfam, 2007).
Less access to safe
water
According to UNHCR, 80% of refugees in the world are
women and children. Migration of populations, given
extreme changes and disasters, could interrupt and
limit the opportunities for education.
Men are more likely to migrate, either seasonally or
for a number of years. Female-headed households
left behind are often the poorest. The workloads of
these women, their children and the elderly increase
significantly as a result of male emigration.