GGCA Gender and Climate Change Training Manual - Women's ...

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steadfastly to the gender myths about women, their role and participation in the economy (Box 7). Therefore, it is not surprising that these issues should continue to dominate within climate change finance at all levels. It is not uncommon that the private sector does not pay attention to gender issues at all. Thus the market tends to ignore the impacts of its actions on women’s land-use options, incomes and livelihoods, food affordability and the related cost of living including the price of land. This, unfortunately, is also true of World Bank-implemented projects, despite the tremendous amount of research that the Bank has undertaken on gender and development. Invariably, it is the case that climate change financing occurs in a context in which, even when it does consider women, they are still seen as vulnerable groups instead of major environmental and agricultural producers in the world. Unfortunately, the myths of the male farmers, the male business owner and the male head of household continue to dominate the imagination of climate change financing decision makers. So, for example, in the case of financing mechanisms such as REDD, it is important to undertake gender and social impact assessment in order to make sure that women do not lose their ownership and control of land and forests. A key goal built into such projects must be that they, at worse, do no harm by displacing and dispossessing women and indigenous people from their traditional patterns of access and control of these resources. At best, such projects should aim to enhance women’s and men’s economic and social status. 219 In the case of the carbon markets, the inherent assumption is a level playing field in which women and men have the same carbon footprints. So the issue of equity of burden sharing does not arise. But equity of burden sharing is quite a weighty issue as it is well known that women and indigenous people have smaller ecological footprints. Instruments must be devised that take this into account. This could include, for example, governmental incentives such as tax breaks, grants and outright set-aside programmes for women and for indigenous groups. Within the context of the market, the pooling of funds to create womencentred funding instruments would be a step in the right direction. However, such innovations will only arise from greater awareness of, and education and training on, the dynamics of the carbon markets, its functioning and impacts as well as its opportunities and constraints. Module 7
Box 8 Aggregators and gender The idea of “an aggregated market structure” with “aggregators” that link small or microscale operations to the carbon market presents a possibility for offset projects to achieve environmental and social objectives. For example, in the Indian state of Kerala, an NGO Andhyodaya is promoting methane capture and use with biogas digesters in small rural households. The methane replaces kerosene or fuel wood for cooking. Contracts are issued on the basis of fossil fuel emission displacement. The project is so small on an individual household level that it would not be able to access the carbon market without an aggregator. However, within an aggregated market infrastructure, it becomes an attractive prospect. Phase I of the project included 15,000 poor rural households in South India. About US$1.2 million gross revenue was transferred in aggregate to participants. The challenge here is to ensure that decision making remains in the hands of the gendersensitized community or the women’s organizations involved. Source: GCCA, 2008. Outstanding questions and challenges for the way forward include: 220 • How financially sustainable are women’s organizations? Most women’s organizations’ budgets are small with an annual income of less than US$50,000 (United Nations, 2007). • Inadequate funds for gender and development. How do we ensure that women’s groups have the capacity to engage effectively in policy dialogue in the changing aid environment? How do we ensure that women’s groups have access to information and that their voices, priorities, interests, and knowledge make an impact? How can more climate funds become available to them? • Gender-sensitive reform of the GEF. • Gender analysis of public finance. While these are very large issues, with the collaboration of experts in the area of gender-responsive budgeting, gender taxation and finance, and the overall area of gender and macro-economics and trade, it may be possible to tackle some of these issues and have substantive input into the reconstruction of the post-2012 financing regime.
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This manual has been produced by th
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Foreword iv Climate change is a mos
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Assignments for this module .......
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6.4.1 Technology needs and needs as
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2 EUA FAO FCPF GDI GEF GEF-SGP GEO
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Introduction In November 2007, the
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Notes for trainers training: A vari
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Do not try to put too many topics i
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Module 1: Gender and gender mainstr
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Overcoming inequalities and maximiz
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mainstreaming, therefore, differs f
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Social Watch. (2008). Gender Equity
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Case studies Case study 1 Women pla
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Case study 2 UNEP Gender Plan of Ac
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Case study 3 CBD Gender Plan of Act
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Instruments and techniques I. Intro
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Instruments and techniques I. Intro
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4. Ask the participants to choose a
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Instruments and techniques II. Tech
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Key question: • “So, what can b
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4. Ask the groups to identify the c
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2. Ask participants to take one ste
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44 These include Agenda 21 (United
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procedures whereby women may file c
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It is important to point out that o
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• Strengthening accountability sy
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52 hand, women are often well posit
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importance of the agricultural sect
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56 It should be noted that the CBD
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Box 2 Examples of how gender and wo
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NBSAP; of the 141 examined, 77 ment
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In terms of the legal instruments,
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Notes for the facilitator: It is fu
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Table 1. Summary of the major legal
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GENDER EQUALITY 52 nd Session of th
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Specific text It calls for mainstre
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Main inputs of policy making and im
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Specific text General consideration
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Procedure: 1. Divide the participan
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80 Climate change and gender inequa
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Table 1. Direct and indirect risks
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3.3 Gender equality, climate change
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MDG 3: (cont.) Women in developing
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Further resources Enarson, E. (1998
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Case studies Case study 1 The Mama
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92 Furthermore, female yapuchiris h
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94 CRiSTAL was applied three times
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Instruments and techniques I. Techn
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Handout 1. Direct and indirect risk
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Handout 2. Establishing the linkage
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MDG 5: Improve maternal health Incr
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Module 4: Gender mainstreaming in a
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The Human Development Report 2007-2
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which limits their capacity to resp
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According to Burón, risk managemen
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• In Sri Lanka, it was easier for
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By excluding women from climate cha
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Box 7 Women’s successful action i
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The following resource sectors, in
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occurred in poor urban homes due to
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1. Direct effects of extreme climat
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Divert fresh water to areas where t
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Establish aquaculture, including ma
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men differently, and to explore sca
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sustainable change (UN/ISDR, 2008).
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Assignments for this module: Activi
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direct beneficiaries. The programme
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of the household. Women, in contras
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participatory approaches with farme
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Case study 5 Women will rebuild Mia
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2. Assign people to small groups re
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a. Water and sanitation; b. Biodive
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Over the longer term, the Intergove
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154 At the national level, the pict
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not only reduced landslides, but al
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Box 3 Gender considerations when pr
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credits. By increasing the efficien
Page 158 and 159: The second position suggests that t
Page 160 and 161: Hope to Action is a good example of
Page 162 and 163: Case studies Case study 1 Biofuel p
Page 164 and 165: Case study 2 A billion trees for cl
Page 166 and 167: Case study 3 Nepal National Biogas
Page 168 and 169: • Group 3 to look at point 5.1.2
Page 170 and 171: Procedure: 1. Paste the four differ
Page 172 and 173: communications technologies, includ
Page 174 and 175: variables strongly associated with
Page 176 and 177: process, the developed country Part
Page 178 and 179: grassroots organizations, is import
Page 180 and 181: Reforestation projects are also bei
Page 182 and 183: America, women preserve seeds for f
Page 184 and 185: Case study 2 Women’s vulnerabilit
Page 186 and 187: Case study 3 Lighting up hope and c
Page 188 and 189: Instruments and techniques I. Techn
Page 190 and 191: Instruments and techniques II. Anal
Page 192 and 193: Women’s vulnerability in the rura
Page 194 and 195: Module 7: Gender mainstreaming in c
Page 196 and 197: These include women’s control “
Page 198 and 199: 7.3 What are the instruments, mecha
Page 200 and 201: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) a
Page 202 and 203: 7.4 Market-based schemes and privat
Page 204 and 205: As with public sources of climate c
Page 206 and 207: Unfortunately, far too few of the m
Page 210 and 211: 7.7 Gender and the post-2012 climat
Page 212 and 213: Strategic opportunities and opening
Page 214 and 215: Voluntary Services Overseas (VSO).
Page 216 and 217: order to secure their livelihoods a
Page 218 and 219: Instruments and techniques I. Techn
Page 220 and 221: Instruments and techniques II. Anal
Page 222 and 223: Appendix 1: Annotated bibliography
Page 224 and 225: Reference Description IPCC. (2001).
Page 226 and 227: Reference Description Canadian Inte
Page 228 and 229: Reference Description IPADE. (n.d.)
Page 230 and 231: Reference Description Villagrasa, D
Page 232 and 233: Reference Description GEF-UNDP SGP.
Page 234 and 235: Reference Description Wamukonya, N.
Page 236 and 237: Reference Description Jones, R., Ha
Page 238 and 239: Reference Description UNDP Mexico.
Page 240 and 241: Reference Description Aguilar, L. (
Page 242 and 243: 3. Portals and web sites Site Name
Page 244 and 245: Site Name Contents Oxfam: Climate C
Page 246 and 247: Document Description The World Bank
Page 248 and 249: Social Watch. (2007). Gender Equity
Page 250 and 251: IPCC. (2001). Summary for Policymak
Page 252 and 253: Zhou, G., Minakawa, N., Githeko, AK
Page 254 and 255: Duncan, K. (2007). “Global Climat
Page 256 and 257: Meyreles, L. (2000). Huracán Georg
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Module 5 Aboh, C.L. & Akpabio, I. A
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Women’s Environmental Network and
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Module 7 Brody, A., Demetriades, J.
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