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8.2.1 Comparison of the Effects of the Proposed Action to the Species Conservation Needs The following analysis relies on the findings presented in the Status of the Species analysis above for the LRS and the SNS, especially with respect to their conservation needs, to express the significance of anticipated effects of the proposed Project on these species. 8.3 Effects of the Proposed Action to the UKL Recovery Units of LRS and SNS As discussed above in section 7, Status of the Species, the Revised Recovery Plan for the LRS and the SNS (USFWS 2013) identifies two recovery units for both species: (1) the UKL recovery unit; and (2) the Lost River sub-basin recovery unit. This analysis also relies on the survival and recovery function assigned to each of these units to express the significance of anticipated effects of the proposed Project on these species 8.3.1 Effects of the Proposed Action to LRS and SNS Populations in UKL As described in section 7, Status of the Species, of this BiOp, UKL supports a population of the SNS, and the largest population of the LRS. The proposed action is likely to affect habitat availability for all LRS and SNS life-history stages, including embryos, pre- and post-swim-up larvae, age-0 juveniles, older juveniles, and adults. Each sucker life stage has specific habitat needs and specific seasonal time periods when those habitats are used. This analysis evaluates the effects that the proposed management of UKL surface elevations and the resultant water depths are likely to have on the quality and quantity of habitat for each LRS and SNS life-history stage in UKL. 8.3.1.1 Effects to Shoreline Spawning Habitat LRSs (and a few SNSs) spawn at shoreline springs along the east side of UKL beginning as early as March and extending through May, with a peak in April (Buettner and Scoppettone 1990, Barry et al. 2007b, Janney et al. 2009, Hewitt et al. 2012). One objective of the proposed action is to fill UKL each spring to ensure there is an adequate water supply to meet irrigation and environmental needs, including LRS and SNS and coho salmon, and consequently maximum lake elevations are expected to be reached each year by April, or sometimes in May (Table 8.1 and Table 8.2). 133
Table 8.1 UKL end-of-month surface elevations in ft for the POR water years 1981 through 2011, based on KBPM modeling of the proposed action (Reclamation 2012, Table 7-1). Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1980 4,139.1 4,139.7 4,140.8 1981 4,141.7 4,142.7 4,143.1 4,143.2 4,143.0 4,142.2 4,140.8 4,139.2 4,138.2 4,138.0 4,139.0 4,139.9 1982 4,140.9 4,141.8 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,142.8 4,142.2 4,141.7 4,140.8 4,140.4 4,140.6 4,141.3 4,141.8 1983 4,142.0 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.2 4,142.7 4,141.8 4,141.2 4,140.5 4,140.3 4,140.6 4,141.4 4,141.8 1984 4,142.0 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,143.1 4,142.3 4,141.4 4,140.5 4,140.6 4,141.2 4,141.6 4,141.8 1985 4,142.0 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,143.0 4,142.3 4,140.9 4,140.1 4,140.1 4,139.9 4,140.3 4,141.1 1986 4,141.9 4,142.7 4,143.1 4,143.3 4,143.2 4,142.3 4,141.1 4,140.0 4,139.8 4,139.8 4,140.3 4,141.0 1987 4,141.8 4,142.6 4,143.1 4,143.3 4,143.1 4,142.4 4,141.6 4,140.3 4,139.7 4,139.4 4,139.8 4,141.0 1988 4,142.1 4,142.7 4,143.1 4,143.2 4,143.0 4,142.6 4,141.2 4,139.7 4,138.9 4,138.8 4,139.7 4,140.7 1989 4,141.5 4,142.2 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,143.0 4,142.1 4,140.5 4,139.2 4,138.8 4,138.6 4,138.9 4,139.8 1990 4,141.0 4,142.0 4,143.1 4,143.1 4,142.9 4,142.1 4,141.0 4,140.0 4,139.5 4,139.2 4,139.5 4,140.0 1991 4,140.8 4,141.6 4,142.4 4,142.6 4,142.4 4,141.5 4,140.5 4,139.4 4,138.9 4,138.6 4,139.1 4,139.8 1992 4,140.6 4,141.1 4,141.4 4,141.5 4,141.0 4,140.1 4,139.4 4,138.4 4,137.8 4,137.8 4,138.4 4,139.2 1993 4,140.1 4,140.8 4,142.7 4,143.3 4,143.1 4,142.7 4,141.4 4,140.4 4,139.6 4,139.7 4,139.8 4,140.6 1994 4,141.5 4,142.0 4,142.6 4,142.6 4,142.3 4,141.4 4,140.1 4,138.9 4,138.3 4,138.1 4,138.7 4,139.4 1995 4,140.5 4,142.0 4,143.1 4,143.3 4,143.2 4,142.5 4,141.5 4,140.2 4,139.4 4,139.2 4,139.5 4,140.8 1996 4,141.9 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,143.3 4,142.5 4,141.1 4,140.0 4,139.4 4,139.3 4,139.9 4,140.9 1997 4,141.9 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,143.2 4,142.3 4,141.2 4,140.2 4,139.7 4,139.2 4,139.7 4,140.5 1998 4,141.6 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.2 4,143.3 4,142.6 4,141.7 4,140.6 4,140.0 4,140.0 4,140.5 4,141.1 1999 4,141.8 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,143.0 4,142.0 4,140.9 4,140.2 4,139.7 4,139.4 4,140.0 4,140.8 2000 4,141.8 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,143.2 4,142.2 4,140.9 4,139.6 4,139.4 4,138.9 4,139.4 4,140.3 2001 4,141.2 4,142.0 4,142.8 4,143.0 4,142.6 4,141.6 4,140.4 4,139.0 4,138.3 4,138.1 4,138.7 4,140.0 2002 4,141.4 4,142.4 4,143.1 4,143.3 4,142.8 4,141.8 4,140.4 4,139.1 4,138.4 4,138.2 4,138.7 4,139.5 2003 4,141.1 4,142.2 4,143.0 4,143.0 4,142.7 4,141.5 4,140.2 4,138.9 4,138.5 4,138.3 4,138.8 4,139.9 2004 4,141.0 4,142.3 4,143.1 4,143.3 4,143.0 4,142.0 4,140.7 4,139.4 4,138.6 4,138.4 4,138.8 4,139.8 2005 4,140.6 4,141.3 4,142.1 4,142.4 4,142.9 4,142.0 4,140.7 4,139.1 4,138.2 4,138.1 4,139.1 4,140.3 2006 4,141.4 4,142.1 4,142.8 4,143.3 4,142.9 4,142.0 4,141.0 4,139.8 4,139.0 4,139.0 4,139.8 4,140.8 2007 4,141.5 4,142.7 4,143.1 4,143.3 4,143.1 4,142.1 4,140.9 4,139.6 4,138.9 4,139.0 4,139.6 4,140.5 2008 4,141.5 4,142.3 4,143.1 4,143.3 4,143.0 4,142.2 4,140.7 4,139.6 4,138.8 4,138.8 4,139.6 4,140.3 2009 4,141.5 4,142.3 4,143.1 4,143.1 4,143.0 4,142.4 4,141.0 4,139.7 4,138.8 4,138.7 4,139.1 4,139.7 2010 4,140.8 4,141.7 4,142.3 4,142.7 4,142.5 4,141.8 4,140.7 4,139.4 4,138.9 4,139.0 4,139.7 4,140.7 2011 4,142.0 4,142.4 4,142.8 4,143.2 4,142.9 4,142.1 4,141.2 4,140.1 4,139.2 Based on the KBPM output using POR data, UKL surface elevations from the end of March through the end of May are at or above 4,142.0 ft (1,262.5 m) in 30 of 31 years. Only model year (1992) has water levels from the end of March through the end of May below 4,142.0 ft (1,262.5 m; Table 8.1). This equates to a probability slightly less than 5 percent, or slightly less than a 5 percent chance of lake surface elevations being at that elevation at the end of March. 134
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National Marine Fisheries Service U
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7.4.5 LRS and SNS Population Dynami
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11.1.5 Critical Assumptions .......
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16 APPENDICIES ....................
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Table 8.2 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. The act
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Figure 11.17. Coho salmon fry habit
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbrevia
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Abbreviation/Acronym YTEP WDFW WRIM
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In 2001, the Services issued BiOps
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Findings of Fact and Order of Deter
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proposed changes to the vegetation
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Figure 3.1. The action area for Rec
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4 PROPOSED ACTION Reclamation propo
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4.2 Element Two Operate the Project
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October 1 and March 1. The proposed
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Reclamation incorporated the 1981 t
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Provide Project irrigation deliveri
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Table 4.3. UKL fill rate adjustment
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Table 4.5. Calculation of fall/wint
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Flows below IGD are ultimately the
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The EWA, Project Supply, and UKL Re
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Table 4.8. Environmental Water Acco
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eleases somewhat on the ascending l
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fish disease, die off, entrainment,
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acre-feet when the Project Supply c
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Table 4.11. Monthly maximum Lower K
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4.2.4 Ramp-Down Rates at Iron Gate
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progresses and EWA volumes are upda
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O&M activities are carried out eith
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1. The A Canal has six headgates th
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Therefore, Reclamation proposes to
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coordinate with the NMFS to develop
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the confluence with Omogar Creek at
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though several major improvements t
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Sucker larvae transform into age-0
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units: (1) Clear Lake; (2) Tule Lak
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Figure 7.2. Adult spawning populati
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Table 7.1. Estimated LRS and SNS ad
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1905, Ch. 567, 33 Stat. 714). The P
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Figure 7.4 Modeled April through No
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7.9.2 Klamath Basin The Oregon Clim
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A change in mean precipitation rang
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Table 7.2 Impaired water bodies wit
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Table 7.3 Seasonal comparisons of p
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ammonia that is lethal to 50 percen
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Table 7.4 Estimated external phosph
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examination of juvenile suckers fro
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Evaluation of baseline hydrology in
Page 99 and 100: 2012 1931 through 2012 12.6% 0.24 5
Page 101 and 102: The overall water year trend (Table
Page 103 and 104: Figure 7.7 Sprague River trends, wa
Page 105 and 106: Figure 7.9 Sprague River trends, wa
Page 107 and 108: Figure 7.12 Williamson River trends
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7.14 UKL trends, water years
Page 111 and 112: Figure 7.17 UKL: net inflow departu
Page 113 and 114: 7.10.3.3 Competition and Predation
Page 115 and 116: By late July, surviving larval suck
Page 117 and 118: Threat Nature of Threat Life Stage
Page 119 and 120: 2011) and increased adult spawning
Page 121 and 122: Based on the best available informa
Page 123 and 124: contrast, water levels began 1.5 ft
Page 125 and 126: evaporation and seepage estimated a
Page 127 and 128: prolonged low oxygen conditions if
Page 129 and 130: The April through September 4,034.6
Page 131 and 132: 8 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION ON LOST RIV
Page 133 and 134: Although the volume of Project wate
Page 135 and 136: than 1 m), and fitting one or more
Page 137 and 138: Figure 8.3. UKL elevations at the e
Page 139 and 140: Services and Reclamation will deter
Page 141 and 142: For cumulative net inflow values be
Page 143 and 144: Figure 8.8. UKL elevations at the e
Page 145 and 146: Figure 8.10. UKL elevations at the
Page 147 and 148: Figure 8.12. UKL elevations at the
Page 149: natural and man-caused changes in i
Page 153 and 154: UKL. Based on best available inform
Page 155 and 156: larvae in UKL. Annual production of
Page 157 and 158: Table 8.5 UKL end-of-month elevatio
Page 159 and 160: Based on our review of the literatu
Page 161 and 162: into the Pelican Bay water quality
Page 163 and 164: We assume that UKL surface elevatio
Page 165 and 166: vary by several orders of magnitude
Page 167 and 168: survival rates, we know that some o
Page 169 and 170: populations, and contains the large
Page 171 and 172: 8.3.5.1 Effects to Adult Sucker Spa
Page 173 and 174: Table 8.8 Clear Lake surface elevat
Page 175 and 176: occur, especially in the west lobe.
Page 177 and 178: Table 8.9 End of the month surface
Page 179 and 180: 8.3.7.4 Effects of Entrainment Loss
Page 181 and 182: The source of the sediment is unkno
Page 183 and 184: period when they migrate upstream t
Page 185 and 186: limited LRS and SNS persistence in
Page 187 and 188: term and localized and because fish
Page 189 and 190: 8.5.1 Canal Salvage Reclamation pro
Page 191 and 192: high predation rates and failure of
Page 193 and 194: include the Klamath Basin Rangeland
Page 195 and 196: Figure 9.1 Designated CHUs for the
Page 197 and 198: These are discussed in greater deta
Page 199 and 200: The proposed action will have no ef
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No other spawning habitat exists be
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consulted on. Current monitoring da
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proposed action and this PCE suppor
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Because of a multi-decade lack of r
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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that juvenile survival is most like
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elocation effort in Lake Ewauna to
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LRS and SNS population resiliency o
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stratum 4 (Interior Klamath) in whi
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Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp.
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scenario, actions and elements of t
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flow prescriptions should mimic pro
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11.2.1 Current Condition of Critica
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11.2.2 Factors Affecting SONCC Coho
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e disoriented or displaced downstre
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enhancement, and rehabilitative act
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Water Temperature Sedimentation Org
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Figure 11.1 Longitudinal and season
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functioning floodplains that fail t
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downstream of IGD, (2) enhance coho
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few local ranchers and water distri
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in some tributaries, access to and
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11.3.7 Summary of Critical Habitat
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these two time periods, the effects
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consists of approximately 29,000 ac
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The PacifiCorp habitat conservation
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IGD, or used in constructed habitat
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estoration, watershed planning, sal
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Table 11.4. Modeled suspended sedim
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parasites Ceratomyxa shasta (causes
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that become infected is estimated t
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where snow water equivalent is proj
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minimizing disease risks, the detai
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Figure 11.4. Proposed action, histo
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Figure 11.6. Proposed action weekly
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Figure 11.9. Regression between EWA
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Figure 11.11. Proposed action and o
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Figure 11.12. Number of days per wa
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Figure 11.14. Monthly coefficient o
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IGD. The proposed action modeled da
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The results from Table 11.7 indicat
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likely to increase the quantity of
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habitat decreases between the Shast
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Table 11.9. Daily average mainstem
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Table 11.10. Daily average mainstem
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5% 3336 13176 27664 26168 30946 237
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The proposed action results in agri
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Figure 11.21. Monthly mean of daily
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Riparian restoration projects will
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expected to be typical riparian spe
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Table 11.13. Annual percent of proj
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esource needs as they grow, and 3)
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11.5.2 Klamath River Basin Adjudica
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coho salmon within the Klamath Rive
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aspects of a natural flow regime th
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element of coho salmon critical hab
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12.1.1.1 Risk Analyses for Endanger
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ESU DIVERSITY STRATA POPULATIONS IN
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eproduction, and distribution. The
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Figure 12.2. Historic population st
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the average ratio of IP-km to total
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Although long-term data on coho sal
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
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maintain viable abundances in many
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12.2.5.5 Viability Summary Though p
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coastal currents and upwelling, kno
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12.2.6.2 Marine Derived Nutrients M
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fisheries south of Cape Falcon, Ore
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12.3 Environmental Baseline of Coho
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water temperatures up to 19 ºC in
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some coho salmon smolts may stop mi
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threshold, all Klamath River coho s
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abundance threshold (Table 12.3). T
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mainstem Klamath and Trinity rivers
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Although there are risks to Klamath
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activities are generally beneficial
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12.4 Effects to Individuals The pro
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12.4.1.2 Response 12.4.1.2.1 Adults
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(2012) believes is representative o
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genotype II density of 5 spores/L w
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flows provide a limit to the increa
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polychaete and sediment disturbance
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which will likely result in a relat
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etween Trees of Heaven (RM 172) and
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action. Reclamation estimated that
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Based on literature, increased comp
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Table 12.6. Summary of risks result
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most juveniles. Stream flow diversi
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at most fish relocation sites, base
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higher, the minimally increased sed
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Small pulses of moderately turbid w
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Boulder faces in the deflector stru
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conditions may fail if those condit
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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Potential Stressor Habitat Reductio
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Potential Stressor Elevated water t
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12.6.2 Effects of fitness consequen
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13 INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT Sectio
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Table 13.1 Summary of maximum annua
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in fewer larvae and juveniles, and
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Table 13.2 Estimated annual maximum
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1.2.1.8. Incidental Take Caused by
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characteristics of aquatic species,
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Table 13.5 Expected annual Environm
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Cause of Incidental Take Habitat Re
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Clear Lake, Gerber Reservoir, and T
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This term and condition is requirin
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13.4 Mandatory Monitoring and Repor
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Required hydrologic monitoring incl
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Table 13.7. Summary of LRS and SNS
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T&C or Mandatory Monitoring Mandato
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Table 13.9 Summary of reporting and
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Table 13.10 Summary of meetings req
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the above QA/QC procedures describe
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Barry, P.M., E.C. Janney, D.A. Hewi
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Burdick, S.M. and J. Rasmussen. 201
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Dunsmoor, L., L. Basdekas, B. Wood,
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Garen, D. 2011, Upper Klamath Basin
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Janney, E.C., B.S. Hayes, D.A. Hewi
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Laenen, A., and A.P. LeTourneau. 19
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Miller, R.R., and G.R. Smith. 1981.
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Perkins, D.L., and G.G. Scoppettone
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(Deltistes luxatus) in Tule and Cle
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Terwilliger, M. 2006. Physical habi
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USBR [U.S. Bureau of Reclamation].
Page 451 and 452:
Williams, J.E. 2000. Chapter 13. Th
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Arthington, A.H., S.E. Bunn, N.L. P
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Beeman, J., S. Juhnke, G. Stutzer a
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Brommer, J.E. 2000. The evolution o
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Department of the Army Regional Gen
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Chilcote, M. W. 2003. Relationship
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Dunsmoor LK, and Huntington CW. 200
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Foott, J.S., R. Stone, E. Wiseman,
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Habera, J.W., R.J. Strange, B.D. Ca
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Hemstreet, T. 2013. Electronic mail
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Jordan, M. S. 2012. Hydraulic predi
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Kostow, K. E., A. R. Marshall and S
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MacFarlane, R. B., S. Hayes, and B.
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Moyle, P. B. 2002. Inland Fishes of
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PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Pr
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Oregon Department of Environmental
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Puckridge, J. T., F. Sheldon, K. F.
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Ring, T.E. and B. Watson. 1999. Eff
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Sommer, T. R., M. L. Nobriga, W. C.
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Taylor, R. 1991. A review of local
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USFWS [U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv
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Ward G, and Armstrong N. 2010. Asse
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Winker, K., J. H. Rappole, and M. A
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77 FR 476. National Marine Fisherie
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UKL Elevation (feet) Active Storage
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16.2 Appendix B: Elevation Flow Dat
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490
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Week of Water Year 1981 1982 1983 1
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Water Year October November Decembe
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16.3 Appendix C: Description of Res
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4. Removal of Small Dams (permanent
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Information regarding consideration
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9. Piping Ditches a. Project Descri
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. Site-Specific Restrictions Restri
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6. Protection Measures The followin
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to enter or be placed where they co
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shall be distributed throughout the
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weed free straw, silt fences) are i
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the project is located, and compris
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2. Post Construction Monitoring and
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Median Seasonal Flow (acre-feet) Me
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Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
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16.5 Appendix E: Observed and Model
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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16.6 Appendix F: Analyzing the rela
Page 605 and 606:
Table 1. Paired comparison of the c
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Table 3. The difference in the mean
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