Biological Opinions - Bureau of Reclamation

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Figure 7.3 Historic April through November deliveries to Project from UKL. 63
Figure 7.4 Modeled April through November deliveries to Project from UKL. 7.7.3 Effects of Historical Project Entrainment on the LRS and the SNS The effects of entrainment on the LRS and the SNS caused by the Project have been described in BiOps on proposed Project operations, the most recent BiOp being in 2008 (USFWS 2008, pages 72–76 and 127–135); that discussion is herein incorporated by reference. Entrainment causes the largest quantified Project-caused loss of the LRS and the SNS, and is estimated to annually involve millions of larvae and tens of thousands of juveniles (Gutermuth et al. 2000a, b, USFWS 2008). Entrainment of planktonic sucker larvae in UKL is thought to be related to drift and wind-driven circulation patterns (USFWS 2008), but entrainment of juvenile suckers that are more bottom-oriented is likely more complex and probably affected by multiple factors. Juvenile suckers that are entrained at the A Canal and Link River Dam could be dispersing, showing an avoidance response to poor habitat conditions, weakened by inhospitable conditions, or a combination of these and other factors. Gutermuth et al. (2000a, b) found that entrainment of suckers at the Link River was higher during poor water quality events, and thus leaving the lake could be an avoidance response because fish tend to avoid unfavorable conditions such as low DO or high water temperatures (Sullivan et al. 2003). Prior to construction of the Link River Dam, sucker dispersal downstream into Lower Klamath Lake was likely a natural part of the LRS’s and the SNS’s life cycle. However, now with the higher summer flows at the outlet of UKL to meet irrigation deliveries and downstream riverflow requirements, entrainment of age-0 juvenile suckers is likely greater than it was prior to 64
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National Marine Fisheries Service U
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7.4.5 LRS and SNS Population Dynami
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11.1.5 Critical Assumptions .......
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16 APPENDICIES ....................
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Table 8.2 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. The act
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Figure 11.17. Coho salmon fry habit
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbrevia
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Abbreviation/Acronym YTEP WDFW WRIM
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In 2001, the Services issued BiOps
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Findings of Fact and Order of Deter
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proposed changes to the vegetation
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Figure 3.1. The action area for Rec
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4 PROPOSED ACTION Reclamation propo
Page 29 and 30: 4.2 Element Two Operate the Project
Page 31 and 32: October 1 and March 1. The proposed
Page 33 and 34: Reclamation incorporated the 1981 t
Page 35 and 36: Provide Project irrigation deliveri
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.3. UKL fill rate adjustment
Page 39 and 40: Table 4.5. Calculation of fall/wint
Page 41 and 42: Flows below IGD are ultimately the
Page 43 and 44: The EWA, Project Supply, and UKL Re
Page 45 and 46: Table 4.8. Environmental Water Acco
Page 47 and 48: eleases somewhat on the ascending l
Page 49 and 50: fish disease, die off, entrainment,
Page 51 and 52: acre-feet when the Project Supply c
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.11. Monthly maximum Lower K
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.4 Ramp-Down Rates at Iron Gate
Page 57 and 58: progresses and EWA volumes are upda
Page 59 and 60: O&M activities are carried out eith
Page 61 and 62: 1. The A Canal has six headgates th
Page 63 and 64: Therefore, Reclamation proposes to
Page 65 and 66: coordinate with the NMFS to develop
Page 67 and 68: the confluence with Omogar Creek at
Page 69 and 70: though several major improvements t
Page 71 and 72: Sucker larvae transform into age-0
Page 73 and 74: units: (1) Clear Lake; (2) Tule Lak
Page 75 and 76: Figure 7.2. Adult spawning populati
Page 77 and 78: Table 7.1. Estimated LRS and SNS ad
Page 79: 1905, Ch. 567, 33 Stat. 714). The P
Page 83 and 84: 7.9.2 Klamath Basin The Oregon Clim
Page 85 and 86: A change in mean precipitation rang
Page 87 and 88: Table 7.2 Impaired water bodies wit
Page 89 and 90: Table 7.3 Seasonal comparisons of p
Page 91 and 92: ammonia that is lethal to 50 percen
Page 93 and 94: Table 7.4 Estimated external phosph
Page 95 and 96: examination of juvenile suckers fro
Page 97 and 98: Evaluation of baseline hydrology in
Page 99 and 100: 2012 1931 through 2012 12.6% 0.24 5
Page 101 and 102: The overall water year trend (Table
Page 103 and 104: Figure 7.7 Sprague River trends, wa
Page 105 and 106: Figure 7.9 Sprague River trends, wa
Page 107 and 108: Figure 7.12 Williamson River trends
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7.14 UKL trends, water years
Page 111 and 112: Figure 7.17 UKL: net inflow departu
Page 113 and 114: 7.10.3.3 Competition and Predation
Page 115 and 116: By late July, surviving larval suck
Page 117 and 118: Threat Nature of Threat Life Stage
Page 119 and 120: 2011) and increased adult spawning
Page 121 and 122: Based on the best available informa
Page 123 and 124: contrast, water levels began 1.5 ft
Page 125 and 126: evaporation and seepage estimated a
Page 127 and 128: prolonged low oxygen conditions if
Page 129 and 130: The April through September 4,034.6
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8 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION ON LOST RIV
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Although the volume of Project wate
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than 1 m), and fitting one or more
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Figure 8.3. UKL elevations at the e
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Services and Reclamation will deter
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For cumulative net inflow values be
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Figure 8.8. UKL elevations at the e
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Figure 8.10. UKL elevations at the
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Figure 8.12. UKL elevations at the
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natural and man-caused changes in i
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Table 8.1 UKL end-of-month surface
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UKL. Based on best available inform
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larvae in UKL. Annual production of
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Table 8.5 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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Based on our review of the literatu
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into the Pelican Bay water quality
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We assume that UKL surface elevatio
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vary by several orders of magnitude
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survival rates, we know that some o
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populations, and contains the large
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8.3.5.1 Effects to Adult Sucker Spa
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Table 8.8 Clear Lake surface elevat
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occur, especially in the west lobe.
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Table 8.9 End of the month surface
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8.3.7.4 Effects of Entrainment Loss
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The source of the sediment is unkno
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period when they migrate upstream t
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limited LRS and SNS persistence in
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term and localized and because fish
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8.5.1 Canal Salvage Reclamation pro
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high predation rates and failure of
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include the Klamath Basin Rangeland
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Figure 9.1 Designated CHUs for the
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These are discussed in greater deta
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The proposed action will have no ef
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No other spawning habitat exists be
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consulted on. Current monitoring da
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proposed action and this PCE suppor
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Because of a multi-decade lack of r
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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that juvenile survival is most like
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elocation effort in Lake Ewauna to
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LRS and SNS population resiliency o
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stratum 4 (Interior Klamath) in whi
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Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp.
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scenario, actions and elements of t
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flow prescriptions should mimic pro
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11.2.1 Current Condition of Critica
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11.2.2 Factors Affecting SONCC Coho
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e disoriented or displaced downstre
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enhancement, and rehabilitative act
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Water Temperature Sedimentation Org
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Figure 11.1 Longitudinal and season
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functioning floodplains that fail t
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downstream of IGD, (2) enhance coho
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few local ranchers and water distri
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in some tributaries, access to and
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11.3.7 Summary of Critical Habitat
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these two time periods, the effects
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consists of approximately 29,000 ac
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The PacifiCorp habitat conservation
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IGD, or used in constructed habitat
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estoration, watershed planning, sal
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Table 11.4. Modeled suspended sedim
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parasites Ceratomyxa shasta (causes
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that become infected is estimated t
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where snow water equivalent is proj
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minimizing disease risks, the detai
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Figure 11.4. Proposed action, histo
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Figure 11.6. Proposed action weekly
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Figure 11.9. Regression between EWA
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Figure 11.11. Proposed action and o
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Figure 11.12. Number of days per wa
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Figure 11.14. Monthly coefficient o
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IGD. The proposed action modeled da
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The results from Table 11.7 indicat
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likely to increase the quantity of
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habitat decreases between the Shast
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Table 11.9. Daily average mainstem
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Table 11.10. Daily average mainstem
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5% 3336 13176 27664 26168 30946 237
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The proposed action results in agri
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Figure 11.21. Monthly mean of daily
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Riparian restoration projects will
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expected to be typical riparian spe
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Table 11.13. Annual percent of proj
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esource needs as they grow, and 3)
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11.5.2 Klamath River Basin Adjudica
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coho salmon within the Klamath Rive
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aspects of a natural flow regime th
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element of coho salmon critical hab
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12.1.1.1 Risk Analyses for Endanger
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ESU DIVERSITY STRATA POPULATIONS IN
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eproduction, and distribution. The
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Figure 12.2. Historic population st
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the average ratio of IP-km to total
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Although long-term data on coho sal
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
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maintain viable abundances in many
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12.2.5.5 Viability Summary Though p
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coastal currents and upwelling, kno
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12.2.6.2 Marine Derived Nutrients M
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fisheries south of Cape Falcon, Ore
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12.3 Environmental Baseline of Coho
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water temperatures up to 19 ºC in
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some coho salmon smolts may stop mi
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threshold, all Klamath River coho s
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abundance threshold (Table 12.3). T
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mainstem Klamath and Trinity rivers
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Although there are risks to Klamath
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activities are generally beneficial
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12.4 Effects to Individuals The pro
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12.4.1.2 Response 12.4.1.2.1 Adults
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(2012) believes is representative o
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genotype II density of 5 spores/L w
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flows provide a limit to the increa
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polychaete and sediment disturbance
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which will likely result in a relat
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etween Trees of Heaven (RM 172) and
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action. Reclamation estimated that
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Based on literature, increased comp
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Table 12.6. Summary of risks result
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most juveniles. Stream flow diversi
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at most fish relocation sites, base
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higher, the minimally increased sed
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Small pulses of moderately turbid w
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Boulder faces in the deflector stru
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conditions may fail if those condit
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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Potential Stressor Habitat Reductio
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Potential Stressor Elevated water t
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12.6.2 Effects of fitness consequen
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13 INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT Sectio
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Table 13.1 Summary of maximum annua
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in fewer larvae and juveniles, and
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Table 13.2 Estimated annual maximum
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1.2.1.8. Incidental Take Caused by
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characteristics of aquatic species,
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Table 13.5 Expected annual Environm
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Cause of Incidental Take Habitat Re
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Clear Lake, Gerber Reservoir, and T
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This term and condition is requirin
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13.4 Mandatory Monitoring and Repor
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Required hydrologic monitoring incl
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Table 13.7. Summary of LRS and SNS
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T&C or Mandatory Monitoring Mandato
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Table 13.9 Summary of reporting and
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Table 13.10 Summary of meetings req
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the above QA/QC procedures describe
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Barry, P.M., E.C. Janney, D.A. Hewi
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Burdick, S.M. and J. Rasmussen. 201
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Dunsmoor, L., L. Basdekas, B. Wood,
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Garen, D. 2011, Upper Klamath Basin
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Janney, E.C., B.S. Hayes, D.A. Hewi
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Laenen, A., and A.P. LeTourneau. 19
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Miller, R.R., and G.R. Smith. 1981.
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Perkins, D.L., and G.G. Scoppettone
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(Deltistes luxatus) in Tule and Cle
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Terwilliger, M. 2006. Physical habi
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USBR [U.S. Bureau of Reclamation].
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Williams, J.E. 2000. Chapter 13. Th
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Arthington, A.H., S.E. Bunn, N.L. P
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Beeman, J., S. Juhnke, G. Stutzer a
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Brommer, J.E. 2000. The evolution o
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Department of the Army Regional Gen
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Chilcote, M. W. 2003. Relationship
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Dunsmoor LK, and Huntington CW. 200
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Foott, J.S., R. Stone, E. Wiseman,
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Habera, J.W., R.J. Strange, B.D. Ca
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Hemstreet, T. 2013. Electronic mail
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Jordan, M. S. 2012. Hydraulic predi
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Kostow, K. E., A. R. Marshall and S
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MacFarlane, R. B., S. Hayes, and B.
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Moyle, P. B. 2002. Inland Fishes of
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PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Pr
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Oregon Department of Environmental
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Puckridge, J. T., F. Sheldon, K. F.
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Ring, T.E. and B. Watson. 1999. Eff
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Sommer, T. R., M. L. Nobriga, W. C.
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Taylor, R. 1991. A review of local
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USFWS [U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv
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Ward G, and Armstrong N. 2010. Asse
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Winker, K., J. H. Rappole, and M. A
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77 FR 476. National Marine Fisherie
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UKL Elevation (feet) Active Storage
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16.2 Appendix B: Elevation Flow Dat
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490
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Week of Water Year 1981 1982 1983 1
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Water Year October November Decembe
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16.3 Appendix C: Description of Res
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4. Removal of Small Dams (permanent
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Information regarding consideration
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9. Piping Ditches a. Project Descri
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. Site-Specific Restrictions Restri
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6. Protection Measures The followin
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to enter or be placed where they co
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shall be distributed throughout the
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weed free straw, silt fences) are i
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the project is located, and compris
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2. Post Construction Monitoring and
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Median Seasonal Flow (acre-feet) Me
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Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
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16.5 Appendix E: Observed and Model
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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16.6 Appendix F: Analyzing the rela
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Table 1. Paired comparison of the c
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Table 3. The difference in the mean
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