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project area prior to the existence of the road crossing, the project shall pass the life stages and covered salmonid species that historically existed. Retrofitted culverts shall meet the fish passage criteria for the passage needs of the listed species and life stages historically passing through the site prior to the existence of the road crossing, according to CDFW stream crossing criteria (CDFW Culvert Criteria for Fish Passage (Appendix IX-A, CDFW Restoration Manual). All designs for dam removal, off channel habitat features, and fish passage projects will be reviewed by engineers, ensuring the requirements have been met prior to commencement of work. Off channel habitat projects that reduce the potential for stranding using water control structures will be encouraged, but uncertainties in future stream flows and drought conditions cannot be predicted and may result in fish stranding in certain flow conditions. 3. Prohibited Activities Projects that include any of the following elements would not be authorized under the Program: Use of gabion baskets. Use of cylindrical riprap (aqualogs). Chemically-treated timbers used for any instream structures. Activity that substantially disrupts the movement of those species of aquatic life indigenous to the waterbody, including those species that normally migrate through the action area. Projects that would completely eliminate a riffle/pool complex (note: there may be some instances where a riffle/pool complex is affected/modified by a restoration project [i.e. a culvert removal that affects an existing pool]. These types of projects would be allowed under the Program). 4. Limits on Area of Disturbance for Individual Projects a. Stream Dewatering Maximum length of stream that can be dewatered is 1000 feet. b. Buffer Between Projects Implemented in the Same Year All projects implemented in the same year will maintain an 800 ft downstream buffer from any other sediment producing projects proposed for implementation that same year under the Program. 5. Limits on Removal of Vegetation Removal of exotic, invasive riparian vegetation in a stream with high water temperatures must be done in a manner to avoid creation of additional temperature loading to fish-bearing streams. If a stream has a 7-day moving average daily maximum (7DMADM) temperature greater than 17.8 ºC in a coho salmon or steelhead stream, or greater than 18.5 ºC in a steelhead only stream, and vegetation management would reduce overstory shade canopy to the wetted channel, then the practice will not be allowed. 525
6. Protection Measures The following protection measures, as they apply to a particular project, shall be incorporated into the project descriptions for individual projects authorized under the Program. a. General Protection Measures Work shall not begin until (a) the Reclamation has notified the applicant to the Program that the requirements of the ESA have been satisfied and that the activity is authorized and (b) all other necessary permits and authorizations are finalized. The general construction season shall be from June 15 to November 1. Restoration, construction, fish relocation, and dewatering activities within any wetted or flowing stream channel shall only occur within this period. Revegetation outside of the active channel may continue beyond November 1, if necessary. Prior to construction, any contractor shall be provided with the specific protective measures to be followed during implementation of the project. In addition, a qualified biologist shall provide the construction crew with information on the listed species and State Fully Protected Species in the project area, the protection afforded the species by the ESA, and guidance on those specific protection measures that must be implemented as part of the project. All activities that are likely to result in negative aquatic effects, including temporary effects, shall proceed through a sequencing of effect reduction: avoidance, reduction in magnitude of effect, and compensation (mitigation). Mitigation may be proposed to compensate for negative effects to waters of the United States. Mitigation shall generally be in kind, with no net loss of waters of the United States on a per project basis. Mitigation work shall proceed in advance or concurrently with project construction. Poured concrete shall be excluded from the wetted channel for a period of 30 days after it is poured. During that time the poured concrete shall be kept moist, and runoff from the concrete shall not be allowed to enter a live stream. Commercial sealants may be applied to the poured concrete surface where difficulty in excluding water flow for a long period may occur. If sealant is used, water shall be excluded from the site until the sealant is dry and fully cured according to the manufacturers specifications. If the thalweg of the stream has been altered due to construction activities, efforts shall be undertaken to reestablish it to its original configuration 14 . b. Requirements for Fish Relocation and Dewatering Activities (1) Guidelines for dewatering. Project activities funded or permitted under the Program may require fish relocation or dewatering activities. Dewatering may not be appropriate for some projects that will result in only minor input of sediment, such as placing logs with hand crews, or installing boulder clusters. Dewatering can result in the temporary loss of aquatic habitat, and the stranding, or displacement of fish and amphibian species. Increased turbidity may occur 14 Projects that may include activities, such the use of willow baffles, which may alter the thalweg are allowed 526
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National Marine Fisheries Service U
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7.4.5 LRS and SNS Population Dynami
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11.1.5 Critical Assumptions .......
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16 APPENDICIES ....................
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Table 8.2 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. The act
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Figure 11.17. Coho salmon fry habit
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbrevia
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Abbreviation/Acronym YTEP WDFW WRIM
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In 2001, the Services issued BiOps
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Findings of Fact and Order of Deter
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proposed changes to the vegetation
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Figure 3.1. The action area for Rec
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4 PROPOSED ACTION Reclamation propo
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4.2 Element Two Operate the Project
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October 1 and March 1. The proposed
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Reclamation incorporated the 1981 t
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Provide Project irrigation deliveri
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Table 4.3. UKL fill rate adjustment
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Table 4.5. Calculation of fall/wint
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Flows below IGD are ultimately the
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The EWA, Project Supply, and UKL Re
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Table 4.8. Environmental Water Acco
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eleases somewhat on the ascending l
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fish disease, die off, entrainment,
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acre-feet when the Project Supply c
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Table 4.11. Monthly maximum Lower K
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4.2.4 Ramp-Down Rates at Iron Gate
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progresses and EWA volumes are upda
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O&M activities are carried out eith
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1. The A Canal has six headgates th
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Therefore, Reclamation proposes to
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coordinate with the NMFS to develop
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the confluence with Omogar Creek at
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though several major improvements t
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Sucker larvae transform into age-0
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units: (1) Clear Lake; (2) Tule Lak
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Figure 7.2. Adult spawning populati
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Table 7.1. Estimated LRS and SNS ad
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1905, Ch. 567, 33 Stat. 714). The P
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Figure 7.4 Modeled April through No
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7.9.2 Klamath Basin The Oregon Clim
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A change in mean precipitation rang
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Table 7.2 Impaired water bodies wit
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Table 7.3 Seasonal comparisons of p
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ammonia that is lethal to 50 percen
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Table 7.4 Estimated external phosph
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examination of juvenile suckers fro
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Evaluation of baseline hydrology in
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2012 1931 through 2012 12.6% 0.24 5
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The overall water year trend (Table
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Figure 7.7 Sprague River trends, wa
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Figure 7.9 Sprague River trends, wa
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Figure 7.12 Williamson River trends
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Figure 7.14 UKL trends, water years
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Figure 7.17 UKL: net inflow departu
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7.10.3.3 Competition and Predation
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By late July, surviving larval suck
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Threat Nature of Threat Life Stage
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2011) and increased adult spawning
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Based on the best available informa
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contrast, water levels began 1.5 ft
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evaporation and seepage estimated a
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prolonged low oxygen conditions if
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The April through September 4,034.6
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8 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION ON LOST RIV
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Although the volume of Project wate
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than 1 m), and fitting one or more
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Figure 8.3. UKL elevations at the e
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Services and Reclamation will deter
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For cumulative net inflow values be
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Figure 8.8. UKL elevations at the e
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Figure 8.10. UKL elevations at the
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Figure 8.12. UKL elevations at the
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natural and man-caused changes in i
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Table 8.1 UKL end-of-month surface
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UKL. Based on best available inform
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larvae in UKL. Annual production of
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Table 8.5 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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Based on our review of the literatu
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into the Pelican Bay water quality
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We assume that UKL surface elevatio
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vary by several orders of magnitude
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survival rates, we know that some o
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populations, and contains the large
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8.3.5.1 Effects to Adult Sucker Spa
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Table 8.8 Clear Lake surface elevat
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occur, especially in the west lobe.
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Table 8.9 End of the month surface
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8.3.7.4 Effects of Entrainment Loss
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The source of the sediment is unkno
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period when they migrate upstream t
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limited LRS and SNS persistence in
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term and localized and because fish
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8.5.1 Canal Salvage Reclamation pro
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high predation rates and failure of
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include the Klamath Basin Rangeland
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Figure 9.1 Designated CHUs for the
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These are discussed in greater deta
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The proposed action will have no ef
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No other spawning habitat exists be
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consulted on. Current monitoring da
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proposed action and this PCE suppor
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Because of a multi-decade lack of r
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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that juvenile survival is most like
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elocation effort in Lake Ewauna to
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LRS and SNS population resiliency o
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stratum 4 (Interior Klamath) in whi
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Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp.
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scenario, actions and elements of t
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flow prescriptions should mimic pro
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11.2.1 Current Condition of Critica
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11.2.2 Factors Affecting SONCC Coho
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e disoriented or displaced downstre
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enhancement, and rehabilitative act
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Water Temperature Sedimentation Org
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Figure 11.1 Longitudinal and season
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functioning floodplains that fail t
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downstream of IGD, (2) enhance coho
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few local ranchers and water distri
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in some tributaries, access to and
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11.3.7 Summary of Critical Habitat
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these two time periods, the effects
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consists of approximately 29,000 ac
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The PacifiCorp habitat conservation
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IGD, or used in constructed habitat
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estoration, watershed planning, sal
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Table 11.4. Modeled suspended sedim
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parasites Ceratomyxa shasta (causes
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that become infected is estimated t
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where snow water equivalent is proj
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minimizing disease risks, the detai
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Figure 11.4. Proposed action, histo
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Figure 11.6. Proposed action weekly
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Figure 11.9. Regression between EWA
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Figure 11.11. Proposed action and o
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Figure 11.12. Number of days per wa
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Figure 11.14. Monthly coefficient o
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IGD. The proposed action modeled da
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The results from Table 11.7 indicat
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likely to increase the quantity of
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habitat decreases between the Shast
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Table 11.9. Daily average mainstem
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Table 11.10. Daily average mainstem
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5% 3336 13176 27664 26168 30946 237
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The proposed action results in agri
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Figure 11.21. Monthly mean of daily
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Riparian restoration projects will
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expected to be typical riparian spe
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Table 11.13. Annual percent of proj
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esource needs as they grow, and 3)
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11.5.2 Klamath River Basin Adjudica
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coho salmon within the Klamath Rive
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aspects of a natural flow regime th
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element of coho salmon critical hab
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12.1.1.1 Risk Analyses for Endanger
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ESU DIVERSITY STRATA POPULATIONS IN
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eproduction, and distribution. The
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Figure 12.2. Historic population st
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the average ratio of IP-km to total
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Although long-term data on coho sal
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
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maintain viable abundances in many
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12.2.5.5 Viability Summary Though p
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coastal currents and upwelling, kno
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12.2.6.2 Marine Derived Nutrients M
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fisheries south of Cape Falcon, Ore
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12.3 Environmental Baseline of Coho
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water temperatures up to 19 ºC in
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some coho salmon smolts may stop mi
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threshold, all Klamath River coho s
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abundance threshold (Table 12.3). T
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mainstem Klamath and Trinity rivers
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Although there are risks to Klamath
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activities are generally beneficial
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12.4 Effects to Individuals The pro
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12.4.1.2 Response 12.4.1.2.1 Adults
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(2012) believes is representative o
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genotype II density of 5 spores/L w
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flows provide a limit to the increa
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polychaete and sediment disturbance
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which will likely result in a relat
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etween Trees of Heaven (RM 172) and
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action. Reclamation estimated that
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Based on literature, increased comp
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Table 12.6. Summary of risks result
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most juveniles. Stream flow diversi
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at most fish relocation sites, base
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higher, the minimally increased sed
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Small pulses of moderately turbid w
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Boulder faces in the deflector stru
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conditions may fail if those condit
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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Potential Stressor Habitat Reductio
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Potential Stressor Elevated water t
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12.6.2 Effects of fitness consequen
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13 INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT Sectio
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Table 13.1 Summary of maximum annua
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in fewer larvae and juveniles, and
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Table 13.2 Estimated annual maximum
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1.2.1.8. Incidental Take Caused by
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characteristics of aquatic species,
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Table 13.5 Expected annual Environm
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Cause of Incidental Take Habitat Re
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Clear Lake, Gerber Reservoir, and T
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This term and condition is requirin
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13.4 Mandatory Monitoring and Repor
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Required hydrologic monitoring incl
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Table 13.7. Summary of LRS and SNS
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T&C or Mandatory Monitoring Mandato
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Table 13.9 Summary of reporting and
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Table 13.10 Summary of meetings req
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the above QA/QC procedures describe
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Barry, P.M., E.C. Janney, D.A. Hewi
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Burdick, S.M. and J. Rasmussen. 201
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Dunsmoor, L., L. Basdekas, B. Wood,
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Garen, D. 2011, Upper Klamath Basin
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Janney, E.C., B.S. Hayes, D.A. Hewi
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Laenen, A., and A.P. LeTourneau. 19
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Miller, R.R., and G.R. Smith. 1981.
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Perkins, D.L., and G.G. Scoppettone
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(Deltistes luxatus) in Tule and Cle
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Terwilliger, M. 2006. Physical habi
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USBR [U.S. Bureau of Reclamation].
Page 451 and 452:
Williams, J.E. 2000. Chapter 13. Th
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Arthington, A.H., S.E. Bunn, N.L. P
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Beeman, J., S. Juhnke, G. Stutzer a
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Brommer, J.E. 2000. The evolution o
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Department of the Army Regional Gen
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Chilcote, M. W. 2003. Relationship
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Dunsmoor LK, and Huntington CW. 200
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Foott, J.S., R. Stone, E. Wiseman,
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Habera, J.W., R.J. Strange, B.D. Ca
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Hemstreet, T. 2013. Electronic mail
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Jordan, M. S. 2012. Hydraulic predi
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Kostow, K. E., A. R. Marshall and S
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MacFarlane, R. B., S. Hayes, and B.
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Moyle, P. B. 2002. Inland Fishes of
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PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Pr
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Oregon Department of Environmental
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Puckridge, J. T., F. Sheldon, K. F.
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Ring, T.E. and B. Watson. 1999. Eff
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Sommer, T. R., M. L. Nobriga, W. C.
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Taylor, R. 1991. A review of local
Page 491 and 492: USFWS [U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv
Page 493 and 494: Ward G, and Armstrong N. 2010. Asse
Page 495 and 496: Winker, K., J. H. Rappole, and M. A
Page 497 and 498: 77 FR 476. National Marine Fisherie
Page 499 and 500: UKL Elevation (feet) Active Storage
Page 505 and 506: 16.2 Appendix B: Elevation Flow Dat
Page 507 and 508: 490
Page 509 and 510: Week of Water Year 1981 1982 1983 1
Page 527 and 528: Water Year October November Decembe
Page 533 and 534: 16.3 Appendix C: Description of Res
Page 535 and 536: 4. Removal of Small Dams (permanent
Page 537 and 538: Information regarding consideration
Page 539 and 540: 9. Piping Ditches a. Project Descri
Page 541: . Site-Specific Restrictions Restri
Page 545 and 546: to enter or be placed where they co
Page 547 and 548: shall be distributed throughout the
Page 549 and 550: weed free straw, silt fences) are i
Page 551 and 552: the project is located, and compris
Page 553 and 554: 2. Post Construction Monitoring and
Page 555 and 556: Median Seasonal Flow (acre-feet) Me
Page 591 and 592: Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
Page 593 and 594:
Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
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Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
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16.5 Appendix E: Observed and Model
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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16.6 Appendix F: Analyzing the rela
Page 605 and 606:
Table 1. Paired comparison of the c
Page 607:
Table 3. The difference in the mean
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