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factor limiting listed sucker recovery in the Upper Klamath Basin. If water quality is improved in Keno Reservoir, this area would likely support a substantial population of adult suckers and/or provide habitat to support larval and juvenile suckers that eventually will return to UKL as adults. Therefore, the effects of the proposed action, combined with future State, tribal, and private actions, will only result in beneficial cumulative effects to listed suckers over the next 10 years; however, none of the benefits can be quantified at this time because specific project details are not available. 9 LOST RIVER SUCKER AND SHORTNOSE SUCKER CRITICAL HABITAT 9.1 Status and Environmental Baseline of Critical Habitat On December 11, 2012, the USFWS published a final rule designating critical habitat for the LRS and the SNS (77 FR 73740). The designation included two critical habitat units (CHUs) for each species and the units include a mix of Federal, State and private lands. The Upper Klamath Lake Critical Habitat Unit 1, situated in Klamath County, Oregon, includes UKL and Agency Lake, the Link River and upper Klamath River downstream to Keno Dam, as well as portions of the Williamson and Sprague Rivers, for a total of approximately 90,000 ac (36,422 ha) and 120 river miles. Unit 1 is the same for both species with the exception that, for the LRS, the unit extends up the Sprague River to the Beatty Gap east of Beatty (near RM 75), whereas for the SNS, Unit 1 extends up the Sprague River only as far as Braymill near RM 8. The Lost River Basin Critical Habitat Unit 2 is situated in Klamath and Lake Counties, Oregon, and Modoc County, California. It includes Clear Lake and its main tributary, Willow Creek, for both the LRS and the SNS, and Gerber Reservoir and its main tributaries for the SNS only, for a total of approximately 33,000 ac (13,355 ha) and 88 river miles (142 km). Additionally, there are differences in the amount of upstream critical habitat in Willow Creek for the two species. For the LRS, critical habitat includes Willow Creek and its tributary, Boles Creek, upstream to Avanzino Reservoir in California. For the SNS, critical habitat extends up Willow Creek to Boles Creek and upstream past Fletcher Creek, and includes Willow, Fourmile, and Wildhorse Creeks in California, and Willow Creek to its East Fork in Oregon (Figure 9.1). It is important to note that the action area for the proposed action encompasses the entire critical habitat designation for the LRS and the SNS. This is the first Section 7(a)(2) consultation on potential effects to LRS and SNS critical habitat since the December 11, 2012, designation. 177
Figure 9.1 Designated CHUs for the LRS and the SNS (77 FR 73740) In accordance with sections 3(5)(A)(i) and 4(b)(1)(A) of the Act and regulations at 50 CFR 424.12, in determining which areas within the geographical area occupied by the species at the time of listing to designate as critical habitat, we considered the physical and biological features essential to the conservation of the species which may require special management considerations or protection. The following physical and biological features were considered essential to the conservation of each sucker species and may require special management considerations or protection: (1) Space for individual and population growth and for normal behavior; (2) Food, water, air, light, minerals, or other nutritional or physiological requirements; 178
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National Marine Fisheries Service U
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7.4.5 LRS and SNS Population Dynami
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11.1.5 Critical Assumptions .......
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16 APPENDICIES ....................
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Table 8.2 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. The act
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Figure 11.17. Coho salmon fry habit
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbrevia
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Abbreviation/Acronym YTEP WDFW WRIM
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In 2001, the Services issued BiOps
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Findings of Fact and Order of Deter
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proposed changes to the vegetation
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Figure 3.1. The action area for Rec
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4 PROPOSED ACTION Reclamation propo
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4.2 Element Two Operate the Project
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October 1 and March 1. The proposed
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Reclamation incorporated the 1981 t
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Provide Project irrigation deliveri
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Table 4.3. UKL fill rate adjustment
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Table 4.5. Calculation of fall/wint
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Flows below IGD are ultimately the
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The EWA, Project Supply, and UKL Re
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Table 4.8. Environmental Water Acco
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eleases somewhat on the ascending l
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fish disease, die off, entrainment,
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acre-feet when the Project Supply c
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Table 4.11. Monthly maximum Lower K
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4.2.4 Ramp-Down Rates at Iron Gate
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progresses and EWA volumes are upda
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O&M activities are carried out eith
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1. The A Canal has six headgates th
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Therefore, Reclamation proposes to
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coordinate with the NMFS to develop
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the confluence with Omogar Creek at
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though several major improvements t
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Sucker larvae transform into age-0
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units: (1) Clear Lake; (2) Tule Lak
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Figure 7.2. Adult spawning populati
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Table 7.1. Estimated LRS and SNS ad
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1905, Ch. 567, 33 Stat. 714). The P
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Figure 7.4 Modeled April through No
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7.9.2 Klamath Basin The Oregon Clim
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A change in mean precipitation rang
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Table 7.2 Impaired water bodies wit
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Table 7.3 Seasonal comparisons of p
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ammonia that is lethal to 50 percen
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Table 7.4 Estimated external phosph
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examination of juvenile suckers fro
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Evaluation of baseline hydrology in
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2012 1931 through 2012 12.6% 0.24 5
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The overall water year trend (Table
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Figure 7.7 Sprague River trends, wa
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Figure 7.9 Sprague River trends, wa
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Figure 7.12 Williamson River trends
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Figure 7.14 UKL trends, water years
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Figure 7.17 UKL: net inflow departu
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7.10.3.3 Competition and Predation
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By late July, surviving larval suck
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Threat Nature of Threat Life Stage
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2011) and increased adult spawning
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Based on the best available informa
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contrast, water levels began 1.5 ft
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evaporation and seepage estimated a
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prolonged low oxygen conditions if
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The April through September 4,034.6
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8 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION ON LOST RIV
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Although the volume of Project wate
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than 1 m), and fitting one or more
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Figure 8.3. UKL elevations at the e
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Services and Reclamation will deter
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For cumulative net inflow values be
Page 143 and 144: Figure 8.8. UKL elevations at the e
Page 145 and 146: Figure 8.10. UKL elevations at the
Page 147 and 148: Figure 8.12. UKL elevations at the
Page 149 and 150: natural and man-caused changes in i
Page 151 and 152: Table 8.1 UKL end-of-month surface
Page 153 and 154: UKL. Based on best available inform
Page 155 and 156: larvae in UKL. Annual production of
Page 157 and 158: Table 8.5 UKL end-of-month elevatio
Page 159 and 160: Based on our review of the literatu
Page 161 and 162: into the Pelican Bay water quality
Page 163 and 164: We assume that UKL surface elevatio
Page 165 and 166: vary by several orders of magnitude
Page 167 and 168: survival rates, we know that some o
Page 169 and 170: populations, and contains the large
Page 171 and 172: 8.3.5.1 Effects to Adult Sucker Spa
Page 173 and 174: Table 8.8 Clear Lake surface elevat
Page 175 and 176: occur, especially in the west lobe.
Page 177 and 178: Table 8.9 End of the month surface
Page 179 and 180: 8.3.7.4 Effects of Entrainment Loss
Page 181 and 182: The source of the sediment is unkno
Page 183 and 184: period when they migrate upstream t
Page 185 and 186: limited LRS and SNS persistence in
Page 187 and 188: term and localized and because fish
Page 189 and 190: 8.5.1 Canal Salvage Reclamation pro
Page 191 and 192: high predation rates and failure of
Page 193: include the Klamath Basin Rangeland
Page 197 and 198: These are discussed in greater deta
Page 199 and 200: The proposed action will have no ef
Page 201 and 202: No other spawning habitat exists be
Page 203 and 204: consulted on. Current monitoring da
Page 205 and 206: proposed action and this PCE suppor
Page 207 and 208: Because of a multi-decade lack of r
Page 209 and 210: Adverse effects of the proposed act
Page 211 and 212: that juvenile survival is most like
Page 213 and 214: elocation effort in Lake Ewauna to
Page 215 and 216: LRS and SNS population resiliency o
Page 217 and 218: stratum 4 (Interior Klamath) in whi
Page 219 and 220: Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp.
Page 221 and 222: scenario, actions and elements of t
Page 223 and 224: flow prescriptions should mimic pro
Page 225 and 226: 11.2.1 Current Condition of Critica
Page 227 and 228: 11.2.2 Factors Affecting SONCC Coho
Page 229 and 230: e disoriented or displaced downstre
Page 231 and 232: enhancement, and rehabilitative act
Page 233 and 234: Water Temperature Sedimentation Org
Page 235 and 236: Figure 11.1 Longitudinal and season
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Page 241 and 242: few local ranchers and water distri
Page 243 and 244: in some tributaries, access to and
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11.3.7 Summary of Critical Habitat
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these two time periods, the effects
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consists of approximately 29,000 ac
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The PacifiCorp habitat conservation
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IGD, or used in constructed habitat
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estoration, watershed planning, sal
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Table 11.4. Modeled suspended sedim
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parasites Ceratomyxa shasta (causes
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that become infected is estimated t
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where snow water equivalent is proj
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minimizing disease risks, the detai
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Figure 11.4. Proposed action, histo
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Figure 11.6. Proposed action weekly
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Figure 11.9. Regression between EWA
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Figure 11.11. Proposed action and o
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Figure 11.12. Number of days per wa
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Figure 11.14. Monthly coefficient o
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IGD. The proposed action modeled da
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The results from Table 11.7 indicat
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likely to increase the quantity of
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habitat decreases between the Shast
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Table 11.9. Daily average mainstem
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Table 11.10. Daily average mainstem
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5% 3336 13176 27664 26168 30946 237
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The proposed action results in agri
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Figure 11.21. Monthly mean of daily
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Riparian restoration projects will
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expected to be typical riparian spe
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Table 11.13. Annual percent of proj
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esource needs as they grow, and 3)
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11.5.2 Klamath River Basin Adjudica
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coho salmon within the Klamath Rive
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aspects of a natural flow regime th
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element of coho salmon critical hab
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12.1.1.1 Risk Analyses for Endanger
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ESU DIVERSITY STRATA POPULATIONS IN
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eproduction, and distribution. The
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Figure 12.2. Historic population st
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the average ratio of IP-km to total
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Although long-term data on coho sal
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
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maintain viable abundances in many
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12.2.5.5 Viability Summary Though p
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coastal currents and upwelling, kno
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12.2.6.2 Marine Derived Nutrients M
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fisheries south of Cape Falcon, Ore
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12.3 Environmental Baseline of Coho
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water temperatures up to 19 ºC in
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some coho salmon smolts may stop mi
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threshold, all Klamath River coho s
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abundance threshold (Table 12.3). T
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mainstem Klamath and Trinity rivers
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Although there are risks to Klamath
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activities are generally beneficial
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12.4 Effects to Individuals The pro
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12.4.1.2 Response 12.4.1.2.1 Adults
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(2012) believes is representative o
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genotype II density of 5 spores/L w
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flows provide a limit to the increa
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polychaete and sediment disturbance
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which will likely result in a relat
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etween Trees of Heaven (RM 172) and
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action. Reclamation estimated that
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Based on literature, increased comp
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Table 12.6. Summary of risks result
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most juveniles. Stream flow diversi
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at most fish relocation sites, base
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higher, the minimally increased sed
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Small pulses of moderately turbid w
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Boulder faces in the deflector stru
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conditions may fail if those condit
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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Potential Stressor Habitat Reductio
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Potential Stressor Elevated water t
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12.6.2 Effects of fitness consequen
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13 INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT Sectio
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Table 13.1 Summary of maximum annua
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in fewer larvae and juveniles, and
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Table 13.2 Estimated annual maximum
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1.2.1.8. Incidental Take Caused by
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characteristics of aquatic species,
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Table 13.5 Expected annual Environm
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Cause of Incidental Take Habitat Re
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Clear Lake, Gerber Reservoir, and T
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This term and condition is requirin
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13.4 Mandatory Monitoring and Repor
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Required hydrologic monitoring incl
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Table 13.7. Summary of LRS and SNS
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T&C or Mandatory Monitoring Mandato
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Table 13.9 Summary of reporting and
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Table 13.10 Summary of meetings req
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the above QA/QC procedures describe
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Barry, P.M., E.C. Janney, D.A. Hewi
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Burdick, S.M. and J. Rasmussen. 201
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Dunsmoor, L., L. Basdekas, B. Wood,
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Garen, D. 2011, Upper Klamath Basin
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Janney, E.C., B.S. Hayes, D.A. Hewi
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Laenen, A., and A.P. LeTourneau. 19
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Miller, R.R., and G.R. Smith. 1981.
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Perkins, D.L., and G.G. Scoppettone
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(Deltistes luxatus) in Tule and Cle
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Terwilliger, M. 2006. Physical habi
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USBR [U.S. Bureau of Reclamation].
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Williams, J.E. 2000. Chapter 13. Th
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Arthington, A.H., S.E. Bunn, N.L. P
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Beeman, J., S. Juhnke, G. Stutzer a
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Brommer, J.E. 2000. The evolution o
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Department of the Army Regional Gen
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Chilcote, M. W. 2003. Relationship
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Dunsmoor LK, and Huntington CW. 200
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Foott, J.S., R. Stone, E. Wiseman,
Page 467 and 468:
Habera, J.W., R.J. Strange, B.D. Ca
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Hemstreet, T. 2013. Electronic mail
Page 471 and 472:
Jordan, M. S. 2012. Hydraulic predi
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Kostow, K. E., A. R. Marshall and S
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MacFarlane, R. B., S. Hayes, and B.
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Moyle, P. B. 2002. Inland Fishes of
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PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Pr
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Oregon Department of Environmental
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Puckridge, J. T., F. Sheldon, K. F.
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Ring, T.E. and B. Watson. 1999. Eff
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Sommer, T. R., M. L. Nobriga, W. C.
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Taylor, R. 1991. A review of local
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USFWS [U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv
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Ward G, and Armstrong N. 2010. Asse
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Winker, K., J. H. Rappole, and M. A
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77 FR 476. National Marine Fisherie
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UKL Elevation (feet) Active Storage
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16.2 Appendix B: Elevation Flow Dat
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490
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Week of Water Year 1981 1982 1983 1
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Water Year October November Decembe
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16.3 Appendix C: Description of Res
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4. Removal of Small Dams (permanent
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Information regarding consideration
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9. Piping Ditches a. Project Descri
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. Site-Specific Restrictions Restri
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6. Protection Measures The followin
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to enter or be placed where they co
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shall be distributed throughout the
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weed free straw, silt fences) are i
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the project is located, and compris
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2. Post Construction Monitoring and
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Median Seasonal Flow (acre-feet) Me
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Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
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16.5 Appendix E: Observed and Model
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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16.6 Appendix F: Analyzing the rela
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Table 1. Paired comparison of the c
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Table 3. The difference in the mean
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