Biological Opinions - Bureau of Reclamation

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Week <strong>of</strong> Water Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 7-Oct 896 1014 815 820 686 780 697 660 671 813 693 784 844 743 14-Oct 1278 1155 790 1063 734 684 651 685 730 695 881 720 917 817 21-Oct 1226 1055 846 1185 802 654 641 710 748 726 935 671 996 812 28-Oct 1124 1070 920 1370 831 670 596 706 735 718 817 684 882 827 4-Nov 1153 1036 962 1174 838 613 581 562 722 720 569 693 859 670 11-Nov 1143 1193 696 895 875 688 669 693 807 745 710 687 802 672 18-Nov 1235 1470 946 911 897 631 701 836 769 780 823 615 838 762 25-Nov 1231 1442 1029 981 814 562 686 750 593 801 638 571 734 768 2-Dec 1296 3071 1041 956 617 630 696 724 630 615 639 629 624 775 9-Dec 1082 3139 1209 858 518 716 690 704 697 644 567 625 618 706 16-Dec 830 2481 1322 614 628 840 617 973 705 704 490 627 702 688 23-Dec 803 2167 1300 624 488 690 549 609 766 1686 608 630 694 1558 30-Dec 865 1497 1308 605 424 584 565 557 1526 1333 588 635 629 1287 6-Jan 1184 1543 1030 600 872 772 559 548 6039 859 576 493 645 811 13-Jan 973 1398 963 629 1201 580 554 542 6192 741 551 389 658 704 20-Jan 1314 1232 1988 606 509 703 629 607 3532 666 464 481 638 665 27-Jan 3888 2759 2354 622 673 660 609 574 3187 605 543 527 537 765 3-Feb 4184 2804 2056 603 622 702 475 532 2018 578 587 546 570 738 10-Feb 4279 1661 1802 593 656 663 538 482 3394 605 571 568 616 1237 17-Feb 3055 2302 1816 589 625 568 602 535 3253 637 573 586 578 1005 24-Feb 2363 2533 2436 595 750 568 1044 577 1847 676 555 594 573 1342 3-Mar 2914 3721 2783 556 1048 601 1148 633 1360 1184 647 654 604 1438 10-Mar 3601 5441 3684 667 994 707 1028 594 2000 2132 881 961 626 1242 17-Mar 3361 5396 3307 787 1435 827 1319 639 2708 2675 1051 933 646 2450 24-Mar 2770 4981 2913 912 1852 913 2136 669 2228 3097 2255 1266 660 3498 503
Week <strong>of</strong> Water Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 31-Mar 4803 5052 2586 1106 1625 1106 2327 705 2070 2725 3021 1890 633 3402 7-Apr 5641 5433 2345 1168 1537 1649 2088 720 2965 1996 2675 1478 679 3194 14-Apr 5074 4984 1767 1145 1410 1700 1368 826 4632 1543 1883 1099 782 2300 21-Apr 4183 4765 2035 1011 1887 1510 1365 767 5844 1787 2129 1393 851 1923 28-Apr 2493 4825 4137 1059 1807 1435 1288 756 5823 1624 2347 1235 832 2432 5-May 2267 4598 2728 997 1476 1650 1090 884 4162 1417 2399 1376 958 2738 12-May 3149 3926 2256 921 1664 1664 909 1176 4120 1420 1848 1473 1086 2387 19-May 4769 3781 2199 835 1349 1679 1004 1759 4214 1050 2023 1810 1118 2442 26-May 5286 3379 1828 881 1026 1512 878 2250 3539 832 2004 1420 1233 2728 2-Jun 4919 3491 1371 935 978 1305 860 2365 3179 820 2002 1152 1161 2613 9-Jun 4214 3665 1254 800 844 1413 833 1769 2278 771 2223 1119 1183 2519 16-Jun 3439 2942 1169 723 821 1284 888 1464 1686 854 2307 1342 1616 2141 23-Jun 3185 2064 1062 721 751 933 770 1094 1267 713 1470 1170 1426 2056 30-Jun 2482 1738 856 766 694 735 710 900 988 689 1056 952 1056 1840 7-Jul 1794 1312 765 725 697 689 734 721 779 720 863 826 788 1375 14-Jul 864 750 672 728 617 729 555 583 517 779 687 761 631 742 21-Jul 783 778 612 708 602 789 714 721 588 786 706 828 656 829 28-Jul 931 822 778 698 648 756 787 793 662 709 834 882 718 920 4-Aug 982 822 835 689 718 713 780 783 626 709 854 953 775 942 11-Aug 840 806 750 668 574 647 743 695 572 706 758 873 678 822 18-Aug 883 767 626 655 615 600 709 672 592 721 682 786 626 805 25-Aug 960 775 745 692 657 613 777 683 597 734 750 832 657 828 1-Sep 997 760 713 706 657 672 729 653 708 757 731 846 663 838 8-Sep 995 732 798 741 741 744 677 753 763 794 717 869 770 939 15-Sep 983 834 1102 805 734 797 845 838 920 878 911 843 811 995 22-Sep 890 808 787 826 773 785 837 814 888 834 904 800 777 951 29-Sep 879 819 670 792 789 737 734 784 833 761 861 848 737 939 504
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National Marine Fisheries Service U
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7.4.5 LRS and SNS Population Dynami
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11.1.5 Critical Assumptions .......
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16 APPENDICIES ....................
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Table 8.2 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. The act
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Figure 11.17. Coho salmon fry habit
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbrevia
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Abbreviation/Acronym YTEP WDFW WRIM
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In 2001, the Services issued BiOps
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Findings of Fact and Order of Deter
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proposed changes to the vegetation
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Figure 3.1. The action area for Rec
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4 PROPOSED ACTION Reclamation propo
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4.2 Element Two Operate the Project
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October 1 and March 1. The proposed
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Reclamation incorporated the 1981 t
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Provide Project irrigation deliveri
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Table 4.3. UKL fill rate adjustment
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Table 4.5. Calculation of fall/wint
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Flows below IGD are ultimately the
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The EWA, Project Supply, and UKL Re
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Table 4.8. Environmental Water Acco
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eleases somewhat on the ascending l
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fish disease, die off, entrainment,
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acre-feet when the Project Supply c
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Table 4.11. Monthly maximum Lower K
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4.2.4 Ramp-Down Rates at Iron Gate
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progresses and EWA volumes are upda
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O&M activities are carried out eith
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1. The A Canal has six headgates th
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Therefore, Reclamation proposes to
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coordinate with the NMFS to develop
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the confluence with Omogar Creek at
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though several major improvements t
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Sucker larvae transform into age-0
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units: (1) Clear Lake; (2) Tule Lak
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Figure 7.2. Adult spawning populati
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Table 7.1. Estimated LRS and SNS ad
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1905, Ch. 567, 33 Stat. 714). The P
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Figure 7.4 Modeled April through No
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7.9.2 Klamath Basin The Oregon Clim
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A change in mean precipitation rang
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Table 7.2 Impaired water bodies wit
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Table 7.3 Seasonal comparisons of p
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ammonia that is lethal to 50 percen
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Table 7.4 Estimated external phosph
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examination of juvenile suckers fro
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Evaluation of baseline hydrology in
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2012 1931 through 2012 12.6% 0.24 5
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The overall water year trend (Table
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Figure 7.7 Sprague River trends, wa
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Figure 7.9 Sprague River trends, wa
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Figure 7.12 Williamson River trends
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Figure 7.14 UKL trends, water years
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Figure 7.17 UKL: net inflow departu
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7.10.3.3 Competition and Predation
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By late July, surviving larval suck
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Threat Nature of Threat Life Stage
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2011) and increased adult spawning
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Based on the best available informa
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contrast, water levels began 1.5 ft
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evaporation and seepage estimated a
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prolonged low oxygen conditions if
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The April through September 4,034.6
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8 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION ON LOST RIV
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Although the volume of Project wate
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than 1 m), and fitting one or more
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Figure 8.3. UKL elevations at the e
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Services and Reclamation will deter
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For cumulative net inflow values be
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Figure 8.8. UKL elevations at the e
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Figure 8.10. UKL elevations at the
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Figure 8.12. UKL elevations at the
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natural and man-caused changes in i
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Table 8.1 UKL end-of-month surface
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UKL. Based on best available inform
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larvae in UKL. Annual production of
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Table 8.5 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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Based on our review of the literatu
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into the Pelican Bay water quality
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We assume that UKL surface elevatio
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vary by several orders of magnitude
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survival rates, we know that some o
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populations, and contains the large
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8.3.5.1 Effects to Adult Sucker Spa
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Table 8.8 Clear Lake surface elevat
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occur, especially in the west lobe.
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Table 8.9 End of the month surface
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8.3.7.4 Effects of Entrainment Loss
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The source of the sediment is unkno
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period when they migrate upstream t
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limited LRS and SNS persistence in
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term and localized and because fish
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8.5.1 Canal Salvage Reclamation pro
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high predation rates and failure of
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include the Klamath Basin Rangeland
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Figure 9.1 Designated CHUs for the
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These are discussed in greater deta
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The proposed action will have no ef
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No other spawning habitat exists be
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consulted on. Current monitoring da
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proposed action and this PCE suppor
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Because of a multi-decade lack of r
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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that juvenile survival is most like
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elocation effort in Lake Ewauna to
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LRS and SNS population resiliency o
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stratum 4 (Interior Klamath) in whi
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Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp.
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scenario, actions and elements of t
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flow prescriptions should mimic pro
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11.2.1 Current Condition of Critica
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11.2.2 Factors Affecting SONCC Coho
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e disoriented or displaced downstre
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enhancement, and rehabilitative act
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Water Temperature Sedimentation Org
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Figure 11.1 Longitudinal and season
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functioning floodplains that fail t
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downstream of IGD, (2) enhance coho
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few local ranchers and water distri
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in some tributaries, access to and
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11.3.7 Summary of Critical Habitat
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these two time periods, the effects
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consists of approximately 29,000 ac
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The PacifiCorp habitat conservation
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IGD, or used in constructed habitat
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estoration, watershed planning, sal
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Table 11.4. Modeled suspended sedim
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parasites Ceratomyxa shasta (causes
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that become infected is estimated t
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where snow water equivalent is proj
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minimizing disease risks, the detai
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Figure 11.4. Proposed action, histo
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Figure 11.6. Proposed action weekly
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Figure 11.9. Regression between EWA
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Figure 11.11. Proposed action and o
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Figure 11.12. Number of days per wa
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Figure 11.14. Monthly coefficient o
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IGD. The proposed action modeled da
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The results from Table 11.7 indicat
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likely to increase the quantity of
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habitat decreases between the Shast
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Table 11.9. Daily average mainstem
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Table 11.10. Daily average mainstem
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5% 3336 13176 27664 26168 30946 237
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The proposed action results in agri
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Figure 11.21. Monthly mean of daily
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Riparian restoration projects will
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expected to be typical riparian spe
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Table 11.13. Annual percent of proj
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esource needs as they grow, and 3)
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11.5.2 Klamath River Basin Adjudica
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coho salmon within the Klamath Rive
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aspects of a natural flow regime th
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element of coho salmon critical hab
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12.1.1.1 Risk Analyses for Endanger
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ESU DIVERSITY STRATA POPULATIONS IN
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eproduction, and distribution. The
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Figure 12.2. Historic population st
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the average ratio of IP-km to total
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Although long-term data on coho sal
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
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maintain viable abundances in many
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12.2.5.5 Viability Summary Though p
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coastal currents and upwelling, kno
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12.2.6.2 Marine Derived Nutrients M
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fisheries south of Cape Falcon, Ore
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12.3 Environmental Baseline of Coho
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water temperatures up to 19 ºC in
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some coho salmon smolts may stop mi
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threshold, all Klamath River coho s
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abundance threshold (Table 12.3). T
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mainstem Klamath and Trinity rivers
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Although there are risks to Klamath
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activities are generally beneficial
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12.4 Effects to Individuals The pro
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12.4.1.2 Response 12.4.1.2.1 Adults
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(2012) believes is representative o
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genotype II density of 5 spores/L w
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flows provide a limit to the increa
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polychaete and sediment disturbance
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which will likely result in a relat
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etween Trees of Heaven (RM 172) and
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action. Reclamation estimated that
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Based on literature, increased comp
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Table 12.6. Summary of risks result
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most juveniles. Stream flow diversi
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at most fish relocation sites, base
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higher, the minimally increased sed
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Small pulses of moderately turbid w
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Boulder faces in the deflector stru
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conditions may fail if those condit
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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Potential Stressor Habitat Reductio
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Potential Stressor Elevated water t
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12.6.2 Effects of fitness consequen
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13 INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT Sectio
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Table 13.1 Summary of maximum annua
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in fewer larvae and juveniles, and
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Table 13.2 Estimated annual maximum
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1.2.1.8. Incidental Take Caused by
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characteristics of aquatic species,
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Table 13.5 Expected annual Environm
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Cause of Incidental Take Habitat Re
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Clear Lake, Gerber Reservoir, and T
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This term and condition is requirin
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13.4 Mandatory Monitoring and Repor
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Required hydrologic monitoring incl
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Table 13.7. Summary of LRS and SNS
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T&C or Mandatory Monitoring Mandato
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Table 13.9 Summary of reporting and
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Table 13.10 Summary of meetings req
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the above QA/QC procedures describe
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Barry, P.M., E.C. Janney, D.A. Hewi
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Burdick, S.M. and J. Rasmussen. 201
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Dunsmoor, L., L. Basdekas, B. Wood,
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Garen, D. 2011, Upper Klamath Basin
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Janney, E.C., B.S. Hayes, D.A. Hewi
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Laenen, A., and A.P. LeTourneau. 19
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Miller, R.R., and G.R. Smith. 1981.
Page 443 and 444:
Perkins, D.L., and G.G. Scoppettone
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(Deltistes luxatus) in Tule and Cle
Page 447 and 448:
Terwilliger, M. 2006. Physical habi
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USBR [U.S. Bureau of Reclamation].
Page 451 and 452:
Williams, J.E. 2000. Chapter 13. Th
Page 453 and 454:
Arthington, A.H., S.E. Bunn, N.L. P
Page 455 and 456:
Beeman, J., S. Juhnke, G. Stutzer a
Page 457 and 458:
Brommer, J.E. 2000. The evolution o
Page 459 and 460:
Department of the Army Regional Gen
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Chilcote, M. W. 2003. Relationship
Page 463 and 464:
Dunsmoor LK, and Huntington CW. 200
Page 465 and 466:
Foott, J.S., R. Stone, E. Wiseman,
Page 467 and 468:
Habera, J.W., R.J. Strange, B.D. Ca
Page 469 and 470: Hemstreet, T. 2013. Electronic mail
Page 471 and 472: Jordan, M. S. 2012. Hydraulic predi
Page 473 and 474: Kostow, K. E., A. R. Marshall and S
Page 475 and 476: MacFarlane, R. B., S. Hayes, and B.
Page 477 and 478: Moyle, P. B. 2002. Inland Fishes of
Page 479 and 480: PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Pr
Page 481 and 482: Oregon Department of Environmental
Page 483 and 484: Puckridge, J. T., F. Sheldon, K. F.
Page 485 and 486: Ring, T.E. and B. Watson. 1999. Eff
Page 487 and 488: Sommer, T. R., M. L. Nobriga, W. C.
Page 489 and 490: Taylor, R. 1991. A review of local
Page 491 and 492: USFWS [U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv
Page 493 and 494: Ward G, and Armstrong N. 2010. Asse
Page 495 and 496: Winker, K., J. H. Rappole, and M. A
Page 497 and 498: 77 FR 476. National Marine Fisherie
Page 499 and 500: UKL Elevation (feet) Active Storage
Page 505 and 506: 16.2 Appendix B: Elevation Flow Dat
Page 507 and 508: 490
Page 509 and 510: Week of Water Year 1981 1982 1983 1
Page 519: Week of Water Year 1981 1982 1983 1
Page 527 and 528: Water Year October November Decembe
Page 533 and 534: 16.3 Appendix C: Description of Res
Page 535 and 536: 4. Removal of Small Dams (permanent
Page 537 and 538: Information regarding consideration
Page 539 and 540: 9. Piping Ditches a. Project Descri
Page 541 and 542: . Site-Specific Restrictions Restri
Page 543 and 544: 6. Protection Measures The followin
Page 545 and 546: to enter or be placed where they co
Page 547 and 548: shall be distributed throughout the
Page 549 and 550: weed free straw, silt fences) are i
Page 551 and 552: the project is located, and compris
Page 553 and 554: 2. Post Construction Monitoring and
Page 555 and 556: Median Seasonal Flow (acre-feet) Me
Page 571 and 572:
Median Seasonal Flow (acre-feet) Me
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Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
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Page 589 and 590:
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Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
16.5 Appendix E: Observed and Model
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
Page 603 and 604:
16.6 Appendix F: Analyzing the rela
Page 605 and 606:
Table 1. Paired comparison of the c
Page 607:
Table 3. The difference in the mean
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