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minimum Project Supply for the water year. The May and June updates accommodate the change in forecast and observed UKL net inflows by adjusting the EWA and UKL Reserve volumes. The Project Supply also may be adjusted in May and June, but the adjustments may not reduce the Project Supply below the volume calculated on April 1. The June Project Supply calculation is the final Project Supply determination of the water year, and is the volume of water available for delivery to the west side of the Project and Lower Klamath NWR from UKL. The real-time distribution of the Project Supply will be based on current hydrologic conditions. In extreme dry years, the UKL Supply may decline after April even as the EWA is at its minimum of 320,000 acre-feet. This occurred once in the POR, based on the model study. If this scenario occurs during the life of this proposed action, the Project Supply will remain at the volume calculated in April, and the decline in supply will come out of UKL. If it appears the reduction in storage will result in the UKL elevation approaching the lowest modeled one-day elevation (4,137.72 feet [1,261.5 meters]), Reclamation will adjust deliveries to the Project to prevent the UKL elevation from dropping below 4,137.72 feet (1,261.5 meters). As described in Reclamation’s clarification letter dated May 29, 2013, NMFS suggested the proposed minimum Klamath River flows for the months of April, May, and June would pose unacceptable risk to coho salmon and its designated critical habitat. To reduce this risk, Reclamation proposed to revise the minimum daily average flows at the U.S. Geological Survey gage no. 11516530, Klamath River below IGD, to 1,325 cfs, 1,175 cfs, and 1,025 cfs for April, May, and June, respectively. In some years, a larger EWA volume is required to maintain the revised minimum daily average flows at IGD during April, May, and June than currently described in Reclamation’s BA. As a result, Reclamation reviewed the model results with the revised IGD minimum daily flows to assess the effects to UKL elevations. Reclamation found that the increased releases at Link River Dam to meet the revised minimum daily average flows at IGD affected UKL elevations in some years. Reclamation proposes to delay the start of Project irrigation deliveries from UKL or limit discretionary diversions from the lake by an amount equal to the increased releases at Link River Dam to avoid impacting UKL elevations and ESA-listed suckers beyond those described in Reclamation’s BA (Reclamation 2013b). The Project Supply, as defined, does not include contributing flow from the Lost River system. Therefore, any flows (primarily return flows in the west side of the Project) originating from the Lost River system that are diverted for irrigation do not count against the Project Supply from UKL. Flows from the Lost River diverted by the Project will be evaluated on a daily basis and subtracted from the total Project diversion to compute the daily Project Supply use. Any portion of contributing flows from the Lost River system not used for Project purposes will be routed to the Klamath River and considered part of the Keno Reservoir accretions, which do not count against the EWA. Historical Project deliveries from UKL and Lost River return flows were analyzed by Reclamation for the POR. The analysis indicates a Project Supply of 390,000 acre-feet plus return flows from the Lost River system always exceeded the historical irrigation demand. Therefore, a Project Supply of 390,000 acre-feet from UKL is a full irrigation supply for the Project when combined with Lost River return flows. The Project Supply is capped at 390,000 33
acre-feet when the Project Supply calculation results in values greater than 390,000 acre-feet, based on model simulations conducted during development of the proposed action. Graphical representations of the relationship modeled between EWA, Project Supply, and UKL Reserve, based on the UKL supply, are presented in Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2. Figure 4.1. Modeled EWA and Project Supply, based on UKL supply (Reclamation 2012). 34
Page 1 and 2: National Marine Fisheries Service U
Page 3 and 4: 7.4.5 LRS and SNS Population Dynami
Page 5 and 6: 11.1.5 Critical Assumptions .......
Page 7 and 8: 16 APPENDICIES ....................
Page 9 and 10: Table 8.2 UKL end-of-month elevatio
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. The act
Page 13 and 14: Figure 11.17. Coho salmon fry habit
Page 15 and 16: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbrevia
Page 17 and 18: Abbreviation/Acronym YTEP WDFW WRIM
Page 19 and 20: In 2001, the Services issued BiOps
Page 21 and 22: Findings of Fact and Order of Deter
Page 23 and 24: proposed changes to the vegetation
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3.1. The action area for Rec
Page 27 and 28: 4 PROPOSED ACTION Reclamation propo
Page 29 and 30: 4.2 Element Two Operate the Project
Page 31 and 32: October 1 and March 1. The proposed
Page 33 and 34: Reclamation incorporated the 1981 t
Page 35 and 36: Provide Project irrigation deliveri
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.3. UKL fill rate adjustment
Page 39 and 40: Table 4.5. Calculation of fall/wint
Page 41 and 42: Flows below IGD are ultimately the
Page 43 and 44: The EWA, Project Supply, and UKL Re
Page 45 and 46: Table 4.8. Environmental Water Acco
Page 47 and 48: eleases somewhat on the ascending l
Page 49: fish disease, die off, entrainment,
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.11. Monthly maximum Lower K
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.4 Ramp-Down Rates at Iron Gate
Page 57 and 58: progresses and EWA volumes are upda
Page 59 and 60: O&M activities are carried out eith
Page 61 and 62: 1. The A Canal has six headgates th
Page 63 and 64: Therefore, Reclamation proposes to
Page 65 and 66: coordinate with the NMFS to develop
Page 67 and 68: the confluence with Omogar Creek at
Page 69 and 70: though several major improvements t
Page 71 and 72: Sucker larvae transform into age-0
Page 73 and 74: units: (1) Clear Lake; (2) Tule Lak
Page 75 and 76: Figure 7.2. Adult spawning populati
Page 77 and 78: Table 7.1. Estimated LRS and SNS ad
Page 79 and 80: 1905, Ch. 567, 33 Stat. 714). The P
Page 81 and 82: Figure 7.4 Modeled April through No
Page 83 and 84: 7.9.2 Klamath Basin The Oregon Clim
Page 85 and 86: A change in mean precipitation rang
Page 87 and 88: Table 7.2 Impaired water bodies wit
Page 89 and 90: Table 7.3 Seasonal comparisons of p
Page 91 and 92: ammonia that is lethal to 50 percen
Page 93 and 94: Table 7.4 Estimated external phosph
Page 95 and 96: examination of juvenile suckers fro
Page 97 and 98: Evaluation of baseline hydrology in
Page 99 and 100: 2012 1931 through 2012 12.6% 0.24 5
Page 101 and 102:
The overall water year trend (Table
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Figure 7.7 Sprague River trends, wa
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Figure 7.9 Sprague River trends, wa
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Figure 7.12 Williamson River trends
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Figure 7.14 UKL trends, water years
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Figure 7.17 UKL: net inflow departu
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7.10.3.3 Competition and Predation
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By late July, surviving larval suck
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Threat Nature of Threat Life Stage
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2011) and increased adult spawning
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Based on the best available informa
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contrast, water levels began 1.5 ft
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evaporation and seepage estimated a
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prolonged low oxygen conditions if
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The April through September 4,034.6
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8 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION ON LOST RIV
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Although the volume of Project wate
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than 1 m), and fitting one or more
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Figure 8.3. UKL elevations at the e
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Services and Reclamation will deter
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For cumulative net inflow values be
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Figure 8.8. UKL elevations at the e
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Figure 8.10. UKL elevations at the
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Figure 8.12. UKL elevations at the
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natural and man-caused changes in i
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Table 8.1 UKL end-of-month surface
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UKL. Based on best available inform
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larvae in UKL. Annual production of
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Table 8.5 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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Based on our review of the literatu
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into the Pelican Bay water quality
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We assume that UKL surface elevatio
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vary by several orders of magnitude
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survival rates, we know that some o
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populations, and contains the large
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8.3.5.1 Effects to Adult Sucker Spa
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Table 8.8 Clear Lake surface elevat
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occur, especially in the west lobe.
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Table 8.9 End of the month surface
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8.3.7.4 Effects of Entrainment Loss
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The source of the sediment is unkno
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period when they migrate upstream t
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limited LRS and SNS persistence in
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term and localized and because fish
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8.5.1 Canal Salvage Reclamation pro
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high predation rates and failure of
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include the Klamath Basin Rangeland
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Figure 9.1 Designated CHUs for the
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These are discussed in greater deta
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The proposed action will have no ef
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No other spawning habitat exists be
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consulted on. Current monitoring da
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proposed action and this PCE suppor
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Because of a multi-decade lack of r
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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that juvenile survival is most like
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elocation effort in Lake Ewauna to
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LRS and SNS population resiliency o
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stratum 4 (Interior Klamath) in whi
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Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp.
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scenario, actions and elements of t
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flow prescriptions should mimic pro
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11.2.1 Current Condition of Critica
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11.2.2 Factors Affecting SONCC Coho
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e disoriented or displaced downstre
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enhancement, and rehabilitative act
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Water Temperature Sedimentation Org
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Figure 11.1 Longitudinal and season
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functioning floodplains that fail t
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downstream of IGD, (2) enhance coho
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few local ranchers and water distri
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in some tributaries, access to and
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11.3.7 Summary of Critical Habitat
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these two time periods, the effects
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consists of approximately 29,000 ac
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The PacifiCorp habitat conservation
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IGD, or used in constructed habitat
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estoration, watershed planning, sal
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Table 11.4. Modeled suspended sedim
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parasites Ceratomyxa shasta (causes
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that become infected is estimated t
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where snow water equivalent is proj
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minimizing disease risks, the detai
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Figure 11.4. Proposed action, histo
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Figure 11.6. Proposed action weekly
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Figure 11.9. Regression between EWA
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Figure 11.11. Proposed action and o
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Figure 11.12. Number of days per wa
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Figure 11.14. Monthly coefficient o
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IGD. The proposed action modeled da
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The results from Table 11.7 indicat
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likely to increase the quantity of
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habitat decreases between the Shast
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Table 11.9. Daily average mainstem
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Table 11.10. Daily average mainstem
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5% 3336 13176 27664 26168 30946 237
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The proposed action results in agri
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Figure 11.21. Monthly mean of daily
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Riparian restoration projects will
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expected to be typical riparian spe
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Table 11.13. Annual percent of proj
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esource needs as they grow, and 3)
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11.5.2 Klamath River Basin Adjudica
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coho salmon within the Klamath Rive
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aspects of a natural flow regime th
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element of coho salmon critical hab
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12.1.1.1 Risk Analyses for Endanger
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ESU DIVERSITY STRATA POPULATIONS IN
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eproduction, and distribution. The
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Figure 12.2. Historic population st
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the average ratio of IP-km to total
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Although long-term data on coho sal
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
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maintain viable abundances in many
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12.2.5.5 Viability Summary Though p
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coastal currents and upwelling, kno
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12.2.6.2 Marine Derived Nutrients M
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fisheries south of Cape Falcon, Ore
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12.3 Environmental Baseline of Coho
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water temperatures up to 19 ºC in
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some coho salmon smolts may stop mi
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threshold, all Klamath River coho s
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abundance threshold (Table 12.3). T
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mainstem Klamath and Trinity rivers
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Although there are risks to Klamath
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activities are generally beneficial
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12.4 Effects to Individuals The pro
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12.4.1.2 Response 12.4.1.2.1 Adults
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(2012) believes is representative o
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genotype II density of 5 spores/L w
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flows provide a limit to the increa
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polychaete and sediment disturbance
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which will likely result in a relat
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etween Trees of Heaven (RM 172) and
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action. Reclamation estimated that
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Based on literature, increased comp
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Table 12.6. Summary of risks result
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most juveniles. Stream flow diversi
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at most fish relocation sites, base
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higher, the minimally increased sed
Page 381 and 382:
Small pulses of moderately turbid w
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Boulder faces in the deflector stru
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conditions may fail if those condit
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Adverse effects of the proposed act
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Potential Stressor Habitat Reductio
Page 391 and 392:
Potential Stressor Elevated water t
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12.6.2 Effects of fitness consequen
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13 INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT Sectio
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Table 13.1 Summary of maximum annua
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in fewer larvae and juveniles, and
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Table 13.2 Estimated annual maximum
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1.2.1.8. Incidental Take Caused by
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characteristics of aquatic species,
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Table 13.5 Expected annual Environm
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Cause of Incidental Take Habitat Re
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Clear Lake, Gerber Reservoir, and T
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This term and condition is requirin
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13.4 Mandatory Monitoring and Repor
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Required hydrologic monitoring incl
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Table 13.7. Summary of LRS and SNS
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T&C or Mandatory Monitoring Mandato
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Table 13.9 Summary of reporting and
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Table 13.10 Summary of meetings req
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the above QA/QC procedures describe
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Barry, P.M., E.C. Janney, D.A. Hewi
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Burdick, S.M. and J. Rasmussen. 201
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Dunsmoor, L., L. Basdekas, B. Wood,
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Garen, D. 2011, Upper Klamath Basin
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Janney, E.C., B.S. Hayes, D.A. Hewi
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Laenen, A., and A.P. LeTourneau. 19
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Miller, R.R., and G.R. Smith. 1981.
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Perkins, D.L., and G.G. Scoppettone
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(Deltistes luxatus) in Tule and Cle
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Terwilliger, M. 2006. Physical habi
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USBR [U.S. Bureau of Reclamation].
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Williams, J.E. 2000. Chapter 13. Th
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Arthington, A.H., S.E. Bunn, N.L. P
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Beeman, J., S. Juhnke, G. Stutzer a
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Brommer, J.E. 2000. The evolution o
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Department of the Army Regional Gen
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Chilcote, M. W. 2003. Relationship
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Dunsmoor LK, and Huntington CW. 200
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Foott, J.S., R. Stone, E. Wiseman,
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Habera, J.W., R.J. Strange, B.D. Ca
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Hemstreet, T. 2013. Electronic mail
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Jordan, M. S. 2012. Hydraulic predi
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Kostow, K. E., A. R. Marshall and S
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MacFarlane, R. B., S. Hayes, and B.
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Moyle, P. B. 2002. Inland Fishes of
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PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Pr
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Oregon Department of Environmental
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Puckridge, J. T., F. Sheldon, K. F.
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Ring, T.E. and B. Watson. 1999. Eff
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Sommer, T. R., M. L. Nobriga, W. C.
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Taylor, R. 1991. A review of local
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USFWS [U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv
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Ward G, and Armstrong N. 2010. Asse
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Winker, K., J. H. Rappole, and M. A
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77 FR 476. National Marine Fisherie
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UKL Elevation (feet) Active Storage
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16.2 Appendix B: Elevation Flow Dat
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490
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Week of Water Year 1981 1982 1983 1
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Water Year October November Decembe
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16.3 Appendix C: Description of Res
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4. Removal of Small Dams (permanent
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Information regarding consideration
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9. Piping Ditches a. Project Descri
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. Site-Specific Restrictions Restri
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6. Protection Measures The followin
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to enter or be placed where they co
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shall be distributed throughout the
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weed free straw, silt fences) are i
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the project is located, and compris
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2. Post Construction Monitoring and
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Median Seasonal Flow (acre-feet) Me
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Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
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16.5 Appendix E: Observed and Model
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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16.6 Appendix F: Analyzing the rela
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Table 1. Paired comparison of the c
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Table 3. The difference in the mean
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