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1987 443,100 1988 411,700 1989 845,500 1990 385,800 1991 320,000 1992 320,000 1993 701,800 1994 320,000 1995 622,500 1996 734,700 1997 573,200 1998 929,900 1999 900,200 2000 643,000 2001 363,800 2002 428,700 2003 442,900 2004 430,800 2005 393,000 2006 819,000 2007 496,000 2008 549,100 2009 465,100 2010 345,900 2011 745,300 (1,261.80 m) 4,139.71 (1,261.78 m) 4,138.90 (1,261.54 m) 4,138.77 (1,261.50 m) 4,139.52 (1,261.73 m) 4,138.85 (1,261.52 m) 4,137.82 (1,261.21 m) 4,139.60 (1,261.75 m) 4,138.26 (1,261.34 m) 4,139.41 (1,261.69 m) 4,139.37 (1,261.68 m) 4,139.69 (1,261.78 m) 4,140.03 (1,261.88 m) 4,139.70 (1,261.78 m) 4,139.36 (1,261.68 m) 4,138.27 (1,261.35 m) 4,138.40 (1,261.38 m) 4,138.46 (1,261.40 m) 4,138.58 (1,261.44 m) 4,138.25 (1,261.34 m) 4,139.00 (1,261.57 m) 4,138.86 (1,261.53 m) 4,138.78 (1,261.50 m) 4,138.84 (1,261.52 m) 4,138.93 (1,261.55 m) 4,139.20 (1,261.63 m) 365,600 364,100 21,200 337,000 329,200 9,400 390,000 351,300 28,900 322,800 321,900 15,200 281,900 274,500 100 161,300 146,600 200 390,000 328,200 34,900 263,300 249,400 24,800 390,000 306,600 34,400 390,000 348,300 53,200 390,000 380,100 61,900 390,000 282,700 56,800 390,000 369,300 57,000 390,000 371,200 42,500 310,100 305,200 12,700 373,700 371,700 5,800 353,400 339,900 3,300 372,500 369,000 3,900 326,800 319,100 5,800 390,000 342,200 27,300 379,400 374,400 26,800 390,000 347,400 20,400 364,700 352,600 22,200 303,600 296,700 3,700 390,000 310,200 34,000 37
4.2.4 Ramp-Down Rates at Iron Gate Dam Ramping rates on the receding limb of a hydrograph limit the rate at which flow declines following a higher flow rate or large volume release. Reclamation proposes a ramp down rate schedule at IGD that varies by flow magnitude. IGD is owned and operated by PacifiCorp, and ramp down rates will be implemented by PacifiCorp as part of IGD operations. Reclamation will coordinate with PacifiCorp, as appropriate, on implementation of the ramp down rates. Reclamation proposes the following ramp down rates at IGD: Flow at IGD greater than 3,000 cfs (85.0 m 3 /sec): Ramp down rates will follow the combined 3-day moving average of net inflows into UKL and accretions between Link River Dam and IGD. The ramp down rates will be implemented to the extent practicable, based on physical constraints at PacifiCorp facilities and safety of workers and the public. The 3-day moving average allows for ramp rates to mimic natural hydrology while mitigating extreme variability that can occur with daily changes in net inflow calculations due to gage error and/or high wind events. The ramp down rate schedule also ensures UKL is not drawn down to accommodate rapid, transient declines in inflow and/or accretions lasting less than one day. Reclamation calculates inflow to UKL on a daily basis. In the event of gage failure or instability caused by weather conditions, Reclamation will use professional judgment to estimate changes in net inflow. Flow at IGD between 1,751 cfs and 3,000 cfs (49.6 and 85.0 m 3 /sec): Decreases in flow of 300 cfs (8.5 m 3 /sec) or less per 24-hour period, and no greater than 125 cfs (88.5 m 3 /sec) per 4-hour period. Flow at IGD less than or equal to 1,750 cfs (49.6 m 3 /sec): Decreases in flow of 150 cfs (4.3 m 3 /sec) or less per 24-hour period, and no more than 50 cfs (1.4 m 3 /sec) per 2-hour period. PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric operations limit the ability to manage changes in releases from IGD at a fine resolution, particularly when flow is greater than 3,000 cfs (85.0 m 3 /sec). In addition, facility control emergencies may arise that warrant the exceedance of the proposed ramp down rates. Therefore, Reclamation recognizes that minor variations in ramp rates will occur. All ramping rates proposed above are targets, and are not intended to be strict maximum ramping rates. Reclamation expects substantial exceedance of the proposed ramp rates to occur infrequently as a result of facility control limitations or other emergency situations. 4.2.5 Tule Lake Sump 1A Operations Tule Lake Sump 1A (Tule Lake) receives water from Project facilities. A specific volume of water is not earmarked for delivery to Tule Lake because historically it has received an adequate supply from agricultural runoff and drainage. Excess water in Tule Lake is controlled by pumping to the Lower Klamath NWR through Pumping Plant D. 38
Page 1 and 2:
National Marine Fisheries Service U
Page 3 and 4: 7.4.5 LRS and SNS Population Dynami
Page 5 and 6: 11.1.5 Critical Assumptions .......
Page 7 and 8: 16 APPENDICIES ....................
Page 9 and 10: Table 8.2 UKL end-of-month elevatio
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. The act
Page 13 and 14: Figure 11.17. Coho salmon fry habit
Page 15 and 16: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbrevia
Page 17 and 18: Abbreviation/Acronym YTEP WDFW WRIM
Page 19 and 20: In 2001, the Services issued BiOps
Page 21 and 22: Findings of Fact and Order of Deter
Page 23 and 24: proposed changes to the vegetation
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3.1. The action area for Rec
Page 27 and 28: 4 PROPOSED ACTION Reclamation propo
Page 29 and 30: 4.2 Element Two Operate the Project
Page 31 and 32: October 1 and March 1. The proposed
Page 33 and 34: Reclamation incorporated the 1981 t
Page 35 and 36: Provide Project irrigation deliveri
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.3. UKL fill rate adjustment
Page 39 and 40: Table 4.5. Calculation of fall/wint
Page 41 and 42: Flows below IGD are ultimately the
Page 43 and 44: The EWA, Project Supply, and UKL Re
Page 45 and 46: Table 4.8. Environmental Water Acco
Page 47 and 48: eleases somewhat on the ascending l
Page 49 and 50: fish disease, die off, entrainment,
Page 51 and 52: acre-feet when the Project Supply c
Page 53: Table 4.11. Monthly maximum Lower K
Page 57 and 58: progresses and EWA volumes are upda
Page 59 and 60: O&M activities are carried out eith
Page 61 and 62: 1. The A Canal has six headgates th
Page 63 and 64: Therefore, Reclamation proposes to
Page 65 and 66: coordinate with the NMFS to develop
Page 67 and 68: the confluence with Omogar Creek at
Page 69 and 70: though several major improvements t
Page 71 and 72: Sucker larvae transform into age-0
Page 73 and 74: units: (1) Clear Lake; (2) Tule Lak
Page 75 and 76: Figure 7.2. Adult spawning populati
Page 77 and 78: Table 7.1. Estimated LRS and SNS ad
Page 79 and 80: 1905, Ch. 567, 33 Stat. 714). The P
Page 81 and 82: Figure 7.4 Modeled April through No
Page 83 and 84: 7.9.2 Klamath Basin The Oregon Clim
Page 85 and 86: A change in mean precipitation rang
Page 87 and 88: Table 7.2 Impaired water bodies wit
Page 89 and 90: Table 7.3 Seasonal comparisons of p
Page 91 and 92: ammonia that is lethal to 50 percen
Page 93 and 94: Table 7.4 Estimated external phosph
Page 95 and 96: examination of juvenile suckers fro
Page 97 and 98: Evaluation of baseline hydrology in
Page 99 and 100: 2012 1931 through 2012 12.6% 0.24 5
Page 101 and 102: The overall water year trend (Table
Page 103 and 104: Figure 7.7 Sprague River trends, wa
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 7.9 Sprague River trends, wa
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 7.12 Williamson River trends
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 7.14 UKL trends, water years
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Figure 7.17 UKL: net inflow departu
Page 113 and 114:
7.10.3.3 Competition and Predation
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By late July, surviving larval suck
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Threat Nature of Threat Life Stage
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2011) and increased adult spawning
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Based on the best available informa
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contrast, water levels began 1.5 ft
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evaporation and seepage estimated a
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prolonged low oxygen conditions if
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The April through September 4,034.6
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8 EFFECTS OF THE ACTION ON LOST RIV
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Although the volume of Project wate
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than 1 m), and fitting one or more
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Figure 8.3. UKL elevations at the e
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Services and Reclamation will deter
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For cumulative net inflow values be
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Figure 8.8. UKL elevations at the e
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Figure 8.10. UKL elevations at the
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Figure 8.12. UKL elevations at the
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natural and man-caused changes in i
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Table 8.1 UKL end-of-month surface
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UKL. Based on best available inform
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larvae in UKL. Annual production of
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Table 8.5 UKL end-of-month elevatio
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Based on our review of the literatu
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into the Pelican Bay water quality
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We assume that UKL surface elevatio
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vary by several orders of magnitude
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survival rates, we know that some o
Page 169 and 170:
populations, and contains the large
Page 171 and 172:
8.3.5.1 Effects to Adult Sucker Spa
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Table 8.8 Clear Lake surface elevat
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occur, especially in the west lobe.
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Table 8.9 End of the month surface
Page 179 and 180:
8.3.7.4 Effects of Entrainment Loss
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The source of the sediment is unkno
Page 183 and 184:
period when they migrate upstream t
Page 185 and 186:
limited LRS and SNS persistence in
Page 187 and 188:
term and localized and because fish
Page 189 and 190:
8.5.1 Canal Salvage Reclamation pro
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high predation rates and failure of
Page 193 and 194:
include the Klamath Basin Rangeland
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 9.1 Designated CHUs for the
Page 197 and 198:
These are discussed in greater deta
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The proposed action will have no ef
Page 201 and 202:
No other spawning habitat exists be
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consulted on. Current monitoring da
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proposed action and this PCE suppor
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Because of a multi-decade lack of r
Page 209 and 210:
Adverse effects of the proposed act
Page 211 and 212:
that juvenile survival is most like
Page 213 and 214:
elocation effort in Lake Ewauna to
Page 215 and 216:
LRS and SNS population resiliency o
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stratum 4 (Interior Klamath) in whi
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Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp.
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scenario, actions and elements of t
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flow prescriptions should mimic pro
Page 225 and 226:
11.2.1 Current Condition of Critica
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11.2.2 Factors Affecting SONCC Coho
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e disoriented or displaced downstre
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enhancement, and rehabilitative act
Page 233 and 234:
Water Temperature Sedimentation Org
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Figure 11.1 Longitudinal and season
Page 237 and 238:
functioning floodplains that fail t
Page 239 and 240:
downstream of IGD, (2) enhance coho
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few local ranchers and water distri
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in some tributaries, access to and
Page 245 and 246:
11.3.7 Summary of Critical Habitat
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these two time periods, the effects
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consists of approximately 29,000 ac
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The PacifiCorp habitat conservation
Page 253 and 254:
IGD, or used in constructed habitat
Page 255 and 256:
estoration, watershed planning, sal
Page 257 and 258:
Table 11.4. Modeled suspended sedim
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parasites Ceratomyxa shasta (causes
Page 261 and 262:
that become infected is estimated t
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where snow water equivalent is proj
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minimizing disease risks, the detai
Page 267 and 268:
Figure 11.4. Proposed action, histo
Page 269 and 270:
Figure 11.6. Proposed action weekly
Page 271 and 272:
Figure 11.9. Regression between EWA
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Figure 11.11. Proposed action and o
Page 275 and 276:
Figure 11.12. Number of days per wa
Page 277 and 278:
Figure 11.14. Monthly coefficient o
Page 279 and 280:
IGD. The proposed action modeled da
Page 281 and 282:
The results from Table 11.7 indicat
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likely to increase the quantity of
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habitat decreases between the Shast
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Table 11.9. Daily average mainstem
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Table 11.10. Daily average mainstem
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5% 3336 13176 27664 26168 30946 237
Page 293 and 294:
The proposed action results in agri
Page 295 and 296:
Figure 11.21. Monthly mean of daily
Page 297 and 298:
Riparian restoration projects will
Page 299 and 300:
expected to be typical riparian spe
Page 301 and 302:
Table 11.13. Annual percent of proj
Page 303 and 304:
esource needs as they grow, and 3)
Page 305 and 306:
11.5.2 Klamath River Basin Adjudica
Page 307 and 308:
coho salmon within the Klamath Rive
Page 309 and 310:
aspects of a natural flow regime th
Page 311 and 312:
element of coho salmon critical hab
Page 313 and 314:
12.1.1.1 Risk Analyses for Endanger
Page 315 and 316:
ESU DIVERSITY STRATA POPULATIONS IN
Page 317 and 318:
eproduction, and distribution. The
Page 319 and 320:
Figure 12.2. Historic population st
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the average ratio of IP-km to total
Page 323 and 324:
Although long-term data on coho sal
Page 325 and 326:
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
Page 327 and 328:
maintain viable abundances in many
Page 329 and 330:
12.2.5.5 Viability Summary Though p
Page 331 and 332:
coastal currents and upwelling, kno
Page 333 and 334:
12.2.6.2 Marine Derived Nutrients M
Page 335 and 336:
fisheries south of Cape Falcon, Ore
Page 337 and 338:
12.3 Environmental Baseline of Coho
Page 339 and 340:
water temperatures up to 19 ºC in
Page 341 and 342:
some coho salmon smolts may stop mi
Page 343 and 344:
threshold, all Klamath River coho s
Page 345 and 346:
abundance threshold (Table 12.3). T
Page 347 and 348:
mainstem Klamath and Trinity rivers
Page 349 and 350:
Although there are risks to Klamath
Page 351 and 352:
activities are generally beneficial
Page 353 and 354:
12.4 Effects to Individuals The pro
Page 355 and 356:
12.4.1.2 Response 12.4.1.2.1 Adults
Page 357 and 358:
(2012) believes is representative o
Page 359 and 360:
genotype II density of 5 spores/L w
Page 361 and 362:
flows provide a limit to the increa
Page 363 and 364:
polychaete and sediment disturbance
Page 365 and 366:
which will likely result in a relat
Page 367 and 368:
etween Trees of Heaven (RM 172) and
Page 369 and 370:
action. Reclamation estimated that
Page 371 and 372:
Based on literature, increased comp
Page 373 and 374:
Table 12.6. Summary of risks result
Page 375 and 376:
most juveniles. Stream flow diversi
Page 377 and 378:
at most fish relocation sites, base
Page 379 and 380:
higher, the minimally increased sed
Page 381 and 382:
Small pulses of moderately turbid w
Page 383 and 384:
Boulder faces in the deflector stru
Page 385 and 386:
conditions may fail if those condit
Page 387 and 388:
Adverse effects of the proposed act
Page 389 and 390:
Potential Stressor Habitat Reductio
Page 391 and 392:
Potential Stressor Elevated water t
Page 393 and 394:
12.6.2 Effects of fitness consequen
Page 395 and 396:
13 INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT Sectio
Page 397 and 398:
Table 13.1 Summary of maximum annua
Page 399 and 400:
in fewer larvae and juveniles, and
Page 401 and 402:
Table 13.2 Estimated annual maximum
Page 403 and 404:
1.2.1.8. Incidental Take Caused by
Page 405 and 406:
characteristics of aquatic species,
Page 407 and 408:
Table 13.5 Expected annual Environm
Page 409 and 410:
Cause of Incidental Take Habitat Re
Page 411 and 412:
Clear Lake, Gerber Reservoir, and T
Page 413 and 414:
This term and condition is requirin
Page 415 and 416:
13.4 Mandatory Monitoring and Repor
Page 417 and 418:
Required hydrologic monitoring incl
Page 419 and 420:
Table 13.7. Summary of LRS and SNS
Page 421 and 422:
T&C or Mandatory Monitoring Mandato
Page 423 and 424:
Table 13.9 Summary of reporting and
Page 425 and 426:
Table 13.10 Summary of meetings req
Page 427 and 428:
the above QA/QC procedures describe
Page 429 and 430:
Barry, P.M., E.C. Janney, D.A. Hewi
Page 431 and 432:
Burdick, S.M. and J. Rasmussen. 201
Page 433 and 434:
Dunsmoor, L., L. Basdekas, B. Wood,
Page 435 and 436:
Garen, D. 2011, Upper Klamath Basin
Page 437 and 438:
Janney, E.C., B.S. Hayes, D.A. Hewi
Page 439 and 440:
Laenen, A., and A.P. LeTourneau. 19
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Miller, R.R., and G.R. Smith. 1981.
Page 443 and 444:
Perkins, D.L., and G.G. Scoppettone
Page 445 and 446:
(Deltistes luxatus) in Tule and Cle
Page 447 and 448:
Terwilliger, M. 2006. Physical habi
Page 449 and 450:
USBR [U.S. Bureau of Reclamation].
Page 451 and 452:
Williams, J.E. 2000. Chapter 13. Th
Page 453 and 454:
Arthington, A.H., S.E. Bunn, N.L. P
Page 455 and 456:
Beeman, J., S. Juhnke, G. Stutzer a
Page 457 and 458:
Brommer, J.E. 2000. The evolution o
Page 459 and 460:
Department of the Army Regional Gen
Page 461 and 462:
Chilcote, M. W. 2003. Relationship
Page 463 and 464:
Dunsmoor LK, and Huntington CW. 200
Page 465 and 466:
Foott, J.S., R. Stone, E. Wiseman,
Page 467 and 468:
Habera, J.W., R.J. Strange, B.D. Ca
Page 469 and 470:
Hemstreet, T. 2013. Electronic mail
Page 471 and 472:
Jordan, M. S. 2012. Hydraulic predi
Page 473 and 474:
Kostow, K. E., A. R. Marshall and S
Page 475 and 476:
MacFarlane, R. B., S. Hayes, and B.
Page 477 and 478:
Moyle, P. B. 2002. Inland Fishes of
Page 479 and 480:
PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Pr
Page 481 and 482:
Oregon Department of Environmental
Page 483 and 484:
Puckridge, J. T., F. Sheldon, K. F.
Page 485 and 486:
Ring, T.E. and B. Watson. 1999. Eff
Page 487 and 488:
Sommer, T. R., M. L. Nobriga, W. C.
Page 489 and 490:
Taylor, R. 1991. A review of local
Page 491 and 492:
USFWS [U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv
Page 493 and 494:
Ward G, and Armstrong N. 2010. Asse
Page 495 and 496:
Winker, K., J. H. Rappole, and M. A
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77 FR 476. National Marine Fisherie
Page 499 and 500:
UKL Elevation (feet) Active Storage
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
16.2 Appendix B: Elevation Flow Dat
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490
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Week of Water Year 1981 1982 1983 1
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Water Year October November Decembe
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16.3 Appendix C: Description of Res
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4. Removal of Small Dams (permanent
Page 537 and 538:
Information regarding consideration
Page 539 and 540:
9. Piping Ditches a. Project Descri
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. Site-Specific Restrictions Restri
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6. Protection Measures The followin
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to enter or be placed where they co
Page 547 and 548:
shall be distributed throughout the
Page 549 and 550:
weed free straw, silt fences) are i
Page 551 and 552:
the project is located, and compris
Page 553 and 554:
2. Post Construction Monitoring and
Page 555 and 556:
Median Seasonal Flow (acre-feet) Me
Page 557 and 558:
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Median Seasonal Net Inflow (acre-fe
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16.5 Appendix E: Observed and Model
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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Observed and modeled proposed actio
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16.6 Appendix F: Analyzing the rela
Page 605 and 606:
Table 1. Paired comparison of the c
Page 607:
Table 3. The difference in the mean
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