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naval cooperation: a view from india
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clear rationale for frameworks where the requirements of national security of states
are enmeshed with one another, so that threat perceptions and vulnerabilities are
reduced, and security is attained at a lower cost. These cooperative frameworks
should ‘harness both the close spirit of bilateral ties and the collective synergies
of multilateral ventures’. 24
Notes
1
Rear Admiral Pradeep Chauhan, ‘Indian Naval Foreign Cooperation Endeavours’ Journal of
Indian Ocean Studies, vol. 15, no. 4, August 2007, p. 225.
2
Geoffrey Till, Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century, Frank Class, London, 2004, p. 1.
3
Ministry of Defence, Annual Report 2007-2008, New Delhi, 2008, p. 172.
4
Chris Rahman, The Global Maritime Partnership Initiative: Implications for the Australian Navy,
Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs No. 24, Sea Power Centre - Australia, Canberra, p. 35.
5
Integrated Headquarters Ministry of Defence (Navy), Freedom to Use the Seas: India’s Maritime
Military Strategy, New Delhi, 2007, p. 83.
6
Tony Tan, ‘Maritime Security after September 11’, International Institute for Strategic Studies
conference, Singapore, 1 June 2003.
7
Siddharth Varadarajan, ‘India Could Take Lead in Anti-piracy Diplomacy’ The Hindu, (16 March 2010).
8
Till, Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century, p. 365.
9
Royal Navy, BR1806, British Maritime Doctrine, 2nd edn, 1999, p. 25.
10
Integrated Headquarters Ministry of Defence (Navy), Freedom to Use the Seas: India’s Maritime
Military Strategy, p. 94; Royal Navy, BR 1806, British Maritime Doctrine, 1999, pp. 57-90.
11
‘Bridges of Friendship across the Oceans’ was the theme of the International Fleet Review
held at Mumbai in February 2001. Ships/delegates from 30 countries participated in the
event.
12
The Open Skies program was one of the efforts to calm tensions in Europe after the end of the
Cold War. This program premised on reducing suspicions between states by allowing member
states to carry out airborne surveillance within the other’s national airspace on demand. In
March 1990 tensions broke out between Hungary and Romania, most notably at Tirgu Mures.
Fortunately peace began to prevail and both sides sought to calm tensions within themselves.
As part of this process, Romania proposed the ‘Airborne Monitoring’ program with Hungary.
Dan Lindley, ‘Cooperative Airborne Monitoring’, Contemporary Security Policy, vol. 27, no. 2,
August 2006, pp. 325-343.
13
Till, Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century, p. 365.