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address to US surface navy assocaition’s annual symposium 19 combat tactics. We learned the hard way about command and control in the littoral. We learned tactics and doctrine. We used our heads. And during the battle of Cape St George, the final engagement of the Solomons campaign, Captain Arleigh Burke engaged a Japanese flotilla of five destroyers with an equal force of five Fletcher class destroyers, [US Ships] the Charles Ausburne, Claxton, Dyson, Converse and Spence. He engaged the Japanese at night, sinking three of the five Japanese destroyers with no American casualties. Burke had trained hard and not only did he out-fight the Japanese at Cape St George, he out-thought them as well. Burke and the US Navy adapted in the Solomons just as Commander Rodgers and the Union Navy did on the Mississippi. Second, we must transition away from an almost exclusive focus on learning as individuals and become, at our core, a learning organisation where current and future leaders can create, acquire, and transfer their knowledge throughout our Navy. Our Navy must learn, adapt, and grow; we must encourage innovation and unlock the latent potential of our people, our greatest and by far our most powerful resource, in order to overcome the vast array of challenges this era of hybrid warfare presents us. Third, we cannot fall prey to what Admiral Turner called ‘a routine acceptance of outworn peacetime standards’. We are at war. Al Qaeda declared war on us, and they see our ships, submarines, squadrons, units and sailors as targets. We can never forget this fundamental fact and must, repeat must, ensure we have the right mindset each and every day. Rear Admiral Austin M Knight, a past president of the Naval War College, said it best in 1915, ‘The Navy is never prepared, but always preparing; and its personnel can never relax from its attitude of aiming always at something just a little better than what it has and is’. The challenge we face is not new, thirty years ago, during the height of the Cold War, who would have thought that the United States today would be heavily engaged in two major ground conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan? But we invested in multi-mission, flexible platforms manned by adaptive, intelligent sailors that are proving very effective for missions we did not conceive at the time we were designing them. Our P-3’s are providing critical ISR [Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance] support over land, our SSNs [Submarine - Nuclear Attack] and SSGNs [Submarine - Nuclear Guided Missile] are providing real time [ISR] to tactical commanders and conducting prompt strikes on inland targets. We built Aegis for the outer air battle only to realise we could look into space and provide ballistic missile defense and even shoot down a satellite. We are indeed in the era of hybrid warfare, the convergence in time and space of multiple types of conflict. To be successful in this new era, we must be flexible and be able to rapidly adapt to meet emergent threats while still maintaining our core competencies of sea control and power projection – some things are not going to change – the oceans cover 72 per cent of the earth’s surface and the vast majority of the world’s population live within 200 miles [~ 320 km] of the coastline. We will forever be a maritime nation, the importance of our sea lanes of communication for the lifeblood of our economy will never diminish, and the security of the great global
20 australian maritime issues 2009: spc-a annual maritime commons will forever be the foundation for our nation’s security. In the final analysis, hybrid warfare is not so much about warfare as it is about you – your ability to think, your ability to adapt, and your ability to prevail, doing whatever it takes – now, as your predecessors have always done and as we will always do. This address is reprinted with the kind permission of Admiral John Harvey, USN. The text is an abridged version of the full address available online at (21 March 2010).
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