registration document France Telecom 2009 - Orange.com

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8 NETWORKS property, plant and equipment AND SERVICE PLATFORMS 8.1 NETWORKS AND SERVICE PLATFORMS 8.1.1 Overview The telecommunications sector is marked by major technological changes, including the development of mobility, the sharp upturn in broadband and now very high broadband, the convergence of fi xed and mobile services, the increased use of Internet Protocol and the increasing interoperability of networks. In this context, France Telecom’s ambition is to achieve the convergence of its fi xed and mobile networks through a unifi ed architecture in accordance with three fundamental principles: ■ fl exibility and responsiveness, to quickly assemble and deliver new services to meet market requirements; ■ the ability to support the strong growth and diversifi cation of the services that are offered: voice services, Internet access services, animated image services, data services; ■ simplicity for customers in the use of these services. At the end of 2009, France Telecom operated networks in around thirty countries to serve its customers in the consumer market and in 220 countries or territories to serve its business customers. These networks can be sorted into 3 main categories: ■ incumbent fi xed networks; ■ challenger fi xed networks; ■ mobile networks. Z TYPOLOGY OF FRANCE TELECOM NETWORKS United Senegal Mali Niger Guinea- Bissau Guinea Cameroon Ivory Coast Equatorial Guinea Tunisia Jordan Egypt Central African Republic Uganda Bahrain (fixed & internet) Kenya Kingdom Poland Belgium Luxembourg Slovakia France Austria Moldova Suitzerland Romania Spain Armenia Botswana Madagascar Mauritius Reunion Dominican Republic Antilles Vanuatu Mobile Fixed incumbent & mobile Fixed challenger & mobile France Telecom’s networks are presented according to two dimensions: ■ network architecture broken down into: ■ access networks (fi xed or mobile), ■ aggregation networks, ■ core domestic and international networks; and ■ the network layer structure: ■ transmission, ■ IP transport , ■ network control layer , ■ service platforms. 178 2009 REGISTRATION DOCUMENT / FRANCE TELECOM
property, plant and equipment 8 NETWORKS AND SERVICE PLATFORMS Z TARGET NETWORK ARCHITECTURE Information Systems Service Platforms Control layer IP/MPLS transport Ethernet Transmission Customer access network aggregation network Core/backbone networks 8.1.2 Fixed Access Networks All of the customers’ lines connected to the same switch constitute the access network. The copper access network (or copper local loop) is divided into: ■ drop line (or terminal line); ■ distribution; ■ transport . Z FIXED ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE Third Distribution point Street cabinet operators room DSLAM 8 PSTN Line drop Distribution Transport Lower distribution room Mainframe Remote/local concentrator unit DSLAM IP FT Backbone Analog Access The analog access is made up of a pair of copper wires that links each customer to a concentration point, giving them access to a local switch through the transport and distribution network. This type of access is used by tens of millions of Group telephone customers in France, Poland and different African countries. It may be used with a modem for narrowband access to the Internet, with a maximum download bandwidth of 56 kbps, although this type of use has now largely been replaced by broadband ADSL access. Broadband ADSL Access ADSL technology is used to transfer digital data at high speeds (at least 512 kbps) using a pair of copper wires. This technique can be used for telephone and broadband access: Internet, Multimedia, IP Television, Video On Demand (VOD), High Defi nition Voice over IP. Analog telephone communication and digital data are transmitted on different frequency bands and are separated at subscriber access nodes . ADSL fl ows are concentrated by multiplexers or DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers), which give access to the IP network. 2009 REGISTRATION DOCUMENT / FRANCE TELECOM 179
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egistration document France Telecom
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table of contents 8 9 10 11 12 13 1
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nota This Registration Document ser
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3 CONSOLIDATED selected financial i
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4 risk factors In addition to the o
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4 OPERATIONAL risk factors RISKS In
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4 OPERATIONAL risk factors RISKS Fi
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4 LEGAL risk factors RISKS frequent
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4 FINANCIAL risk factors RISKS Cred
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4 FINANCIAL risk factors RISKS Equi
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5 INVESTMENTS information about the
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6 THE overview of the group’s bus
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6 THE overview of the group’s bus
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6 FRANCE overview of the group’s
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6 OVERVIEW overview of the group’
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11 innovation, research and develop
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14 ORGANIZATION administrative and
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14 STRUCTURE administrative and man
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14 INTERNAL administrative and mana
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14 REPORT administrative and manage
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15 RULES compensation and benefits
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15 TOTAL compensation and benefits
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15 COMPENSATION compensation and be
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17 WORKFORCE employees TRENDS The i
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17 WORKFORCE employees TRENDS Priva
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17 ORGANIZATION employees OF WORKIN
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17 employees COMPENSATION Z COMPENS
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17 employees COMPENSATION Option pl
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17 LABOUR employees RELATIONS Stock
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employees 17 TRAINING The preventio
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17 employees OUTSOURCING The amount
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18 DISTRIBUTION major shareholders
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20 CONSOLIDATED financial informati
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20 NON financial information concer
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20 NON financial information concer
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20 NOTES financial information conc
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20 DIVIDEND financial information c
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21 SHARE additional information CAP
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21 MEMORANDUM additional informatio
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26 DRAFT 2010 shareholders’ meeti
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26 REPORT 2010 shareholders’ meet
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26 STATUTORY 2010 shareholders’ m
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egistration document appendices TEC
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580 2009 REGISTRATION DOCUMENT / FR
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France Telecom Group
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