registration document France Telecom 2009 - Orange.com

egistration document appendices
TECHNICAL GLOSSARY
LTE (Long-term Evolution): name given to a project developed
within 3GPP and whose objective is to produce technical
specifi cations for future fourth generation mobile network
standards (4G). In doing so, LTE also sets so-called fourth
generation mobile systems which result from this project.
M2M: see Machine to Machine.
Machine to Machine: exchange of information between
machines that is established between the central control
system (server) and any type of equipment, through one or
several communication networks.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): broadband transmission
networks with a limited geographical coverage, usually the size
of a city or region.
Mbit/s or Megabits per second: millions of bits (106)
transferred per second on a transmission network. See bit.
MHz: frequency measurement corresponding to one million
cycles per second for an electric current (radio frequency), or a
clock speed for microprocessors (computer).
MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service): multimedia
messaging that is an extension of SMS and allows the routing
of images and sound on GPRS and UMTS mobile telephone
networks and terminals.
MPLS: see Multi-Protocol Label Switching.
MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center): mobile telephony
equipment (GSM/2G) which is responsible for network voice
switching, interconnection with other networks (classic
telephone network, for example) and call coordination.
Multi-play: access solution for multiple services (Internet,
television, Voice over IP) through a single broadband access
point. The Livebox is the multiplay solution marketed by
France Telecom.
Multiplexing: technique to simultaneously transfer several
communications on a same transmission channel.
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS): a standard proposed
by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an international
community open to operators and network designers
whose goal is to coordinate the development of, and resolve
construction and protocol issues relating to, the Internet. MPLS
improves network speed and effi ciency, allowing routers to
transfer information along pre-defi ned paths depending on the
level of quality required.
MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator): mobile operators
that use third-party network infrastructures to provide their own
mobile telephone services.
NAS (Network Access Server): see Network Access Server.
Network Access Server (NAS): sideline IP network equipment
for the concentration of STN telephone modem accesses for the
switched telephone network and connection to the IP network.
Next Generation Network (NGN): see NGN.
NGA : new generation network access (NGA) designed to
support very high bandwidth Internet services.
NGN (New Generation Network, or Next Generation
Network): generic concept referring to IP-based voice and
data networks, making it possible to switch from a simple
connectivity approach to a new approach of developing services
to customers (see “Internet Protocol”).
Non-linear services (or “on-demand audiovisual media
services”): services requiring action from viewers before
being provided. Examples: Video On Demand (VOD), access
to a track/album in a musical program, access to the weather
forecast, access allowing certain actions in a sports program to
be reviewed, access to statistics during a sporting event.
NRA: subscriber connection nodes or switches towards which
subscriber telephone lines are directed.
Outsourcing: service agreement between a company and an
operator consisting of the transfer of the management of all
telecommunications or computing needs.
PABX or PBX (Private Automatic Branch eXchange): private
business switch.
Pay TV: access is either through subscription or pay-per-view.
PDA : see Personal Digital Assistant.
Personal Digital Assistant : a pocket-sized handheld computer
with memory of up to several megabytes and a touch-sensitive
screen, often using a stylus to input data. PDAs are mainly
used for calendar, address book and notebook functions,
but technological progress has enabled advanced offi ce or
multimedia features to be incorporated (player for mp3, images,
videos and sometimes telephone).
PMT (Personal Mobile Television): technology for receiving
television and digital services on mobile handsets, such as
telephones, digital MP3 players and stand-alone receivers in
vehicles. It allows television programs to be viewed in a format
which optimizes quality for mobile screens.
Premium service: service providing attractive content that
is not available from other service-providers because of its
exclusivity (possibly shared), its cost, or its quality.
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