registration document France Telecom 2009 - Orange.com

property, plant and equipment
8
NETWORKS AND SERVICE PLATFORMS
Z TARGET NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Information
Systems
Service Platforms
Control layer
IP/MPLS transport
Ethernet Transmission
Customer access
network
aggregation network
Core/backbone networks
8.1.2 Fixed Access Networks
All of the customers’ lines connected to the same switch
constitute the access network.
The copper access network (or copper local loop) is divided
into:
■ drop line (or terminal line);
■ distribution;
■ transport .
Z FIXED ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Third
Distribution
point
Street cabinet
operators
room
DSLAM
8
PSTN
Line drop
Distribution
Transport
Lower
distribution
room
Mainframe
Remote/local
concentrator
unit
DSLAM
IP FT
Backbone
Analog Access
The analog access is made up of a pair of copper wires that
links each customer to a concentration point, giving them
access to a local switch through the transport and distribution
network. This type of access is used by tens of millions of
Group telephone customers in France, Poland and different
African countries. It may be used with a modem for narrowband
access to the Internet, with a maximum download bandwidth
of 56 kbps, although this type of use has now largely been
replaced by broadband ADSL access.
Broadband ADSL Access
ADSL technology is used to transfer digital data at high speeds
(at least 512 kbps) using a pair of copper wires. This technique
can be used for telephone and broadband access: Internet,
Multimedia, IP Television, Video On Demand (VOD), High
Defi nition Voice over IP.
Analog telephone communication and digital data are
transmitted on different frequency bands and are separated
at subscriber access nodes . ADSL fl ows are concentrated
by multiplexers or DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access
Multiplexers), which give access to the IP network.
2009 REGISTRATION DOCUMENT / FRANCE TELECOM
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