Assisting the older driver - SWOV

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Intersection design and the older driver exceptions are recent experiments by Shechtman et al. (2007) and Classen et al. (2007). They evaluated the effects of a positive offset of opposite left‐turn lanes and protected only‐operations of traffic lights on driving behaviour in a driving simulator and instrumented car respectively. Neither of the adjustments had a significant effect on driving behaviour. 101
Assisting the older driver 6. Effects of intersection design on workload and driving performance of older drivers 6 In a driving simulator, ten older (70–88 years) and thirty younger (30‐50 years) drivers were guided across intersections that differed in terms of a) layout (3‐way intersection, 4‐way intersection, dual carriageway, or roundabout), b) priority regulation, and c) view of the intersection. Hypotheses with regard to the factors that influence the difficulty of passing intersections by older drivers were tested by comparing workload and driving performance between different types of intersections and between different age groups. Intersection layout turned out to be the best predictor of variations in workload. Three‐way intersections that only had a side‐street at the left‐hand side of the driver turned out to be the easiest intersections to pass, whereas four‐way intersections with dual carriageways were the most difficult to manage. Workload was higher for older drivers for all types of intersections. No interaction effects were found. Results on driving performance were less conclusive. 6.1. Introduction Research on crashes involving older drivers – those aged 75 and above – has shown that the crash type that is most common in this group occurs while they are turning left (Aizenberg & McKenzie, 1997; Davidse, 2000; Hakamies‐ Blomqvist, 1993, 1994c; McGwin & Brown, 1999; OECD, 2001; Zhang et al., 1998). Possible causes of these crashes are the intersection design, functional limitations of the individual and the incompatibility of these two factors. This study focuses on the role that incompatibility of intersection design and functional limitations plays in the driving performance of older drivers. The incompatibility of intersection design and functional limitations boils down to the extent to which the intersection design takes into account the functional limitations of a part of the population of road users. To study this incompatibility, we will make use of the concept of task difficulty. Fuller has described the concept of task difficulty in detail (Fuller, 2000, 2001, 2005). According to his model, task difficulty is the result of a confrontation of capabilities and task demands. If the capabilities of a road user are higher than the task demands, the task will be easy and the driver will be in command of the situation. However, if task demands are higher than his capabilities, the task will be too difficult and loss of control will occur. Fortunately, the driver has several opportunities to keep or regain control (i.e., to lower task difficulty): by lowering his driving speed, changing his 6 An abbreviated version of this chapter will be submitted to a relevant scientific journal. 102
Page 1 and 2:
Assisting the older driver Intersec
Page 3 and 4:
SWOV‐Dissertatiereeks, Leidschend
Page 5 and 6:
Promotor: Copromotor: Beoordelingsc
Page 7 and 8:
3.2.3. Conclusions regarding future
Page 9 and 10:
7.3. Preconditions for safe use of
Page 12 and 13:
General introduction General introd
Page 14 and 15:
General introduction is answered by
Page 16 and 17:
Current state of the art: crashes a
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Physical and mental characteristics
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Strategies to improve the older dri
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53: Strategies to improve the older dri
Page 54 and 55: Theoretical framework to identify n
Page 78 and 79: Intersection design and the older d
Page 104 and 105: Effects of intersection design on w
Page 134 and 135: Advanced driver assistance systems
Page 152 and 153:
Advanced driver assistance systems
Page 154 and 155:
Effects of a driver support system
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Summary, discussion and general con
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214:
Page 217 and 218:
Assisting the older driver Bekiaris
Page 219 and 220:
Assisting the older driver (Eds.),
Page 221 and 222:
Assisting the older driver Plaines,
Page 223 and 224:
Assisting the older driver way driv
Page 225 and 226:
Assisting the older driver Barcelon
Page 227 and 228:
Assisting the older driver Guerrier
Page 229 and 230:
Assisting the older driver Center.
Page 231 and 232:
Assisting the older driver Kennedy,
Page 233 and 234:
Assisting the older driver Marottol
Page 235 and 236:
Assisting the older driver Moe, D.
Page 237 and 238:
Assisting the older driver Quilter,
Page 239 and 240:
Assisting the older driver Smiley,
Page 241 and 242:
Assisting the older driver Van Wins
Page 243 and 244:
Assisting the older driver Withaar,
Page 245 and 246:
Assisting the older driver Appendix
Page 248 and 249:
Samenvatting Samenvatting Dit proef
Page 250 and 251:
Samenvatting Verkeersveiligheidsmaa
Page 252 and 253:
Samenvatting jongere automobilisten
Page 254 and 255:
Samenvatting voordeel dat ze de rij
Page 256 and 257:
Dankwoord Dankwoord Het schrijven v
Page 258:
Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae R
Page 261:
Assisting the older driver Nottingh
show all

Assisting the older driver - SWOV

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?