Assisting the older driver - SWOV

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Advanced driver assistance systems that fit the needs of the older driver 7.4. Conclusions regarding ADAS that can improve the safety of older drivers Conclusions cannot be drawn yet about whether certain ADAS can improve the safety of older drivers. Although systems have been developed that appear to fit the needs of the older driver, many are still being developed and not much research has been done on user acceptance and the effects on road user behaviour. However, some preliminary conclusions can be drawn based on the evaluation of systems in Section 7.2. Collision warning systems for conflicts at intersections, for example, appear to be useful provided that system settings can be adjusted to match the reaction time of the driver. Besides that, there are indications that the safety effects of collision warning systems will be larger for systems that warn the driver for approaching traffic than for systems that just let the driver know when the gap between crossing vehicles is large enough to join or cross the traffic stream. The latter systems usually leave it up to the driver to notice approaching vehicles and to yield to them. Systems that assist the driver while parking may not be so relevant for reducing the fatality rate of older drivers, but older drivers find them very useful and are also prepared to pay for them. Automated lane changing and merging systems are systems that have not been developed yet. Examples of systems that assist the driver in paying attention to relevant information, are systems that project roadside traffic signs inside the vehicle. These systems are known as in‐vehicle sign information systems. They give the driver a better and longer view of the sign. The drawback is that the driverʹs attention is temporarily diverted from the road. Caution is therefore required when in‐vehicle information systems are introduced. The position of the in‐vehicle display (either a display on the dashboard or a projection on the front windscreen) and the manner in which the information is presented will determine whether these systems are good or bad for road safety. Systems which adjust vehicle speed in the vicinity of traffic lights, yield signs, and/or railway crossings, also draw the driverʹs attention to relevant information about the traffic situation and give him more time to react. These systems may be seen as special types of intelligent cruise control. Examples of such systems have been developed within the framework of a demonstration project. In a follow‐up project, users will test prototypes. 149
Assisting the older driver The last system that was evaluated, an information system that assists the driver in safely passing complex traffic situations, has especially been developed as assistance to older drivers (Entenmann & Küting, 2000). It is a promising idea to provide the driver with step by step information in time to anticipate on coming events. The test results indicate that older drivers appreciate this system more than an ordinary navigation system, and that the system also has more positive road safety effects (Entenmann et al., 2001). In the above discussion of driver assistance systems for older drivers, only those systems were mentioned whose functionality have the most potential to improve the safety of this group of road users. As a result of this, three systems that are frequently mentioned in the literature about older drivers and ADAS were not dealt with: 1) Night‐time vision enhancement systems (UV headlights or infrared technology); 2) Navigation systems; 3) Mayday systems that automatically send the vehicle location to an emergency service in the case of a breakdown, crash, or other emergency. These systems are helpful for drivers who have difficulties driving in darkness, those who have difficulties driving in an unfamiliar area, and those who have feelings of insecurity respectively. Therefore, these systems are especially suitable for improving the mobility of older drivers. Mayday systems can also shorten the time before receiving medical treatment, thereby reducing injury severity (Caird, 2004a). The other two systems may reduce crash rate by compensating for impaired night‐time acuity or by preventing searching. However, whether or not these systems will lead to a reduction in the number of injuries among older drivers depends on the size of the crash rate reduction, which should be larger than the increase in exposure as a result of system usage. Returning to the ADAS that are aimed at an improvement of the safety of the older driver, much research remains to be done. First of all, initiatives like those of Entenmann and Küting (2000) and the EDDIT‐project (Oxley & Mitchell, 1995) will have to be followed to arrive at a situation in which more ADAS are being developed that are aimed at the special safety needs of older drivers. Besides that, existing ADAS should more often be evaluated using both younger and older drivers. Only then it will be possible to draw conclusions on whether the systems that seem to have the best potential to 150
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3.2.3. Conclusions regarding future
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Assisting the older driver Appendix
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Samenvatting Samenvatting Dit proef
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Samenvatting Verkeersveiligheidsmaa
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Samenvatting jongere automobilisten
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Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae R
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