Assisting the older driver - SWOV

5.3. A literature review on intersection design elements that allow for
the functional limitations of the older driver 89
5.3.1. Introduction 89
5.3.2. Intersection design 91
5.3.3. Traffic signs and road markings 95
5.3.4. Traffic signals and fixed lighting 98
5.3.5. General principles of relevant road adjustments 99
5.4. Conclusions regarding intersection design elements that take the
older driver into account 99
6. Effects of intersection design on workload and driving performance
of older drivers 102
6.1. Introduction 102
6.2. Method 106
6.2.1. Participants 106
6.2.2. Procedure 107
6.2.3. Driving simulator 109
6.2.4. Route 109
6.2.5. Design and data‐analysis 110
6.2.6. Data‐sampling 112
6.3. Results 114
6.3.1. General driving performance 114
6.3.2. Workload 114
6.3.3. Safety of driver decisions 123
6.4. Discussion and conclusions 128
6.4.1. Intersection characteristics 128
6.4.2. Functional age 130
6.4.3. Limitations 131
6.4.4. Conclusions 132
7. Advanced driver assistance systems that fit the needs of the older
driver 133
7.1. Introduction 133
7.2. Evaluation of ADAS 134
7.2.1. Collision warning systems for conflicts at intersections 135
7.2.2. Automated lane changing and merging 137
7.2.3. Blind spot and obstacle detection 137
7.2.4. In‐vehicle signing systems 138
7.2.5. Intelligent cruise control 140
7.2.6. Driver information systems 141