Assisting the older driver - SWOV

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Strategies to improve the older driver’s safe mobility • making a left turn at an intersection without traffic lights; • driving across an intersection without traffic lights; • driving on a roundabout that has more than one lane. The fact that some tasks are more difficult than others does not imply that the former more often result in a crash. Moreover, if younger drivers had answered the same questions, they may have come up with the exact same answers. Nevertheless, several answers correspond to the crash types that are over‐represented among older drivers and the manoeuvres that preceded them (i.e., turning left, not yielding). In this thesis, leads for relevant road design elements will be traced by conducting a literature study on road design elements that appear to support the relative weaknesses of older road users as identified in Chapter 4, and by conducting an analysis of the differences between intersections at which many and those at which few crashes occurred involving older drivers (Chapter 5). Subsequently, several types of intersection design will be compared on their effects on driver workload and driver behaviour (Chapter 6). 3.3.2. In‐car devices to assist the driver Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can provide personal assistance in a traffic environment that cannot always take into account the opportunities and limitations of the older driver. Several studies have mentioned ADAS that may be able to provide tailored assistance for older drivers (see for example Bekiaris, 1999; Färber, 2000; Mitchell & Suen, 1997; Shaheen & Niemeier, 2001). Examples are collision avoidance systems, automated lane changing and merging systems, and blind spot and obstacle detection systems. The general opinion is that driver assistance systems have the potential to prolong the safe mobility of car drivers. However, attention must be paid to evaluation research that determines whether specific applications are indeed suitable for older drivers (Caird, Chugh, Wilcox & Dewar, 1998). Knowing which types of ADAS have the most potential to improve the safety of older drivers is not enough to actually improve their safety. Older drivers are more susceptible to the consequences of poorly defined ADAS than younger drivers (Stamatiadis 1994; cited in Regan et al., 2001). They generally need more time to carry out secondary tasks while driving (Green, 2001a). Therefore, the relative weaknesses of older drivers should also be taken into account while designing those types of ADAS that have the most potential to improve the safety of older drivers. 51
Assisting the older driver In Chapter 7, specific types of in‐car driver assistance systems are described that appear to offer the desired types of support as identified in Chapter 4. In addition, it is discussed which conditions assistance systems should meet to actually improve the safety of older drivers. Topics included are user acceptance, design requirements for the human‐machine interface, and prevention of negative side‐effects. In Chapter 8, the results are described of a simulator study in which one specific driver assistance system was tested for its effects on driver workload and driver behaviour. 52
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Advanced driver assistance systems
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Assisting the older driver Appendix
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Samenvatting Samenvatting Dit proef
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Samenvatting Verkeersveiligheidsmaa
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Samenvatting jongere automobilisten
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Samenvatting voordeel dat ze de rij
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Dankwoord Dankwoord Het schrijven v
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Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae R
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Assisting the older driver Nottingh
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