Assisting the older driver - SWOV

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Advanced driver assistance systems that fit the needs of the older driver greater positive road safety effects than a system that indicates that it is safe to cross. 7.2.2. Automated lane changing and merging Equipment for automated lane changing and merging will assist the driver in selecting a gap and also take care of the actual changing or merging. These systems go further than just informing or warning the driver: they take over vehicle control for a short period of time. Such kind of support is currently not available (Kobayashi, Yuasa, Okamoto, & Horii, 2002). Mitchell and Suen (1997) expected these systems only to be available between 2010 and 2030. A simplified form of assistance for lane changing and merging is being offered by collision warning systems. Regan, Oxley, Godley, and Tingvall (2001) discuss lane‐change collision warning (LCCW) systems and lanechange collision and avoidance (LCCWA) systems. As their names already suggest, the first system only alerts the driver to objects in the vehicle’s blind zones, whereas the second system also automatically steers away from the object. In this respect, the latter comes closer to automated lane changing and merging systems. According to Regan et al., only LCCW systems are currently available on the market. Evaluation studies of the use of LCCW systems by older adults are not available yet (Regan at el., 2001). In general, LCCW systems have several disadvantages, such as high false alarm rates and the close lateral proximity of vehicles that makes it hard for a driver to safely steer away from an object after being warned by the system (Dingus, Jahns, Horowitz & Knipling, 1998). 7.2.3. Blind spot and obstacle detection The LCCW systems that were described in the previous section alert the driver for vehicles located in the blind spots of their own vehicle while driving at high speeds. A type of system that provides a similar kind of support, detects objects close to a slow‐moving vehicle. These systems can prevent the kind of crashes that can occur while parking. In comparison to the other crash types, this type of crash has less relevance for road safety, both in terms of occurrence and crash severity. However, older adults may be inhibited from driving because of these crashes or from travelling to certain destinations because of the problems they will experience while parking. 137
Assisting the older driver In the EDDIT‐project that was mentioned earlier, two types of reversing aids were tested. Both reversing aids used sensors that were attached to the rear bumper. These sensors determined the presence of any objects behind the car, and their distance to the rear bumper. This distance was shown to the driver by means of coloured lights (red, amber and green) that were attached either to the dashboard or the shelf (visible in the rear‐view mirror). The red light turned on if the object was closer than 0.5 m. One of the systems also had a warning tone that accompanied the light signal if the object was closer than 1 m. Both reversing aids enabled the older drivers to park much closer to objects and therefore to park more easily in small parking spaces. In terms of safety effects, differences between driving with and without the reversing aids were small. During the first attempts to drive with the reversing aids, the number of collisions was higher than before (i.e., driving without the system installed). However, these collisions could be attributed to getting used to the system. The older drivers’ responses to both reversing aids were very positive. The majority found them useful and easy to use. The majority of the drivers was also willing to pay for the systems. The price they were willing to pay matched the market price of the systems (Oxley, 1996). Some improvements of the systems that the drivers would like were: detection of objects next to the car (in addition to objects behind the car), and a (louder) warning tone to accompany the light signal (Oxley & Mitchell, 1995). 7.2.4. In‐vehicle signing systems The projection of road signs in the vehicle uses the technology of transmitting the content of a road sign from the roadside to a vehicle and of displaying a replica of the sign, either on a screen in the dashboard or via a head up display. That way, the driver’s attention will be drawn to the (most important) available signs, the signs can be read more easily, and they will be available for a longer period of time. According to Mitchell and Suen (1997), a drawback of these systems is that widespread application will require national or international standards for the transmission of roadside information, and considerable investment in road side transmitters. Another drawback of in‐vehicle sign information system (ISIS), is that they tend to focus the driver’s attention to in‐vehicle displays and away from the 138
Page 1 and 2:
Assisting the older driver Intersec
Page 3 and 4:
SWOV‐Dissertatiereeks, Leidschend
Page 5 and 6:
Promotor: Copromotor: Beoordelingsc
Page 7 and 8:
3.2.3. Conclusions regarding future
Page 9 and 10:
7.3. Preconditions for safe use of
Page 12 and 13:
General introduction General introd
Page 14 and 15:
General introduction is answered by
Page 16 and 17:
Current state of the art: crashes a
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Physical and mental characteristics
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Strategies to improve the older dri
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Theoretical framework to identify n
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Intersection design and the older d
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89: Intersection design and the older d
Page 104 and 105: Effects of intersection design on w
Page 134 and 135: Advanced driver assistance systems
Page 154 and 155: Effects of a driver support system
Page 188 and 189:
Effects of a driver support system
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Summary, discussion and general con
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214:
Page 217 and 218:
Assisting the older driver Bekiaris
Page 219 and 220:
Assisting the older driver (Eds.),
Page 221 and 222:
Assisting the older driver Plaines,
Page 223 and 224:
Assisting the older driver way driv
Page 225 and 226:
Assisting the older driver Barcelon
Page 227 and 228:
Assisting the older driver Guerrier
Page 229 and 230:
Assisting the older driver Center.
Page 231 and 232:
Assisting the older driver Kennedy,
Page 233 and 234:
Assisting the older driver Marottol
Page 235 and 236:
Assisting the older driver Moe, D.
Page 237 and 238:
Assisting the older driver Quilter,
Page 239 and 240:
Assisting the older driver Smiley,
Page 241 and 242:
Assisting the older driver Van Wins
Page 243 and 244:
Assisting the older driver Withaar,
Page 245 and 246:
Assisting the older driver Appendix
Page 248 and 249:
Samenvatting Samenvatting Dit proef
Page 250 and 251:
Samenvatting Verkeersveiligheidsmaa
Page 252 and 253:
Samenvatting jongere automobilisten
Page 254 and 255:
Samenvatting voordeel dat ze de rij
Page 256 and 257:
Dankwoord Dankwoord Het schrijven v
Page 258:
Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae R
Page 261:
Assisting the older driver Nottingh
show all

Assisting the older driver - SWOV

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?