Assisting the older driver - SWOV

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Advanced driver assistance systems that fit the needs of the older driver improve the safety of older drivers, actually do improve the older driver’s safety. As Green (2001a) states, older drivers experience considerably more difficulty in completing telematics tasks, and therefore it is essential that safety and usability evaluations focus on them. If the older drivers are able to complete a task safely and easily, then other drivers will be able to as well. In the next chapter, a simulator study is described in which some of the ADAS that are considered to be the most promising for improving the safety of older drivers were examined on their effects on driving behaviour and workload of, and acceptance by younger and older drivers. 151
Assisting the older driver 8. Effects of a driver support system on workload and driving performance of older drivers 9 This study examined the extent to which driving performance of ten older (70‐88 years old) and thirty younger participants (30‐50 years old) improved as a result of the support of a specific driver assistance system. While driving a suburban route in a driving simulator, a system provided the driver with prior knowledge on the next intersection by informing him about 1) priority regulation, 2) safe gaps to join or cross, 3) obstructed view of the intersection, or 4) an unexpected road situation. The system was evaluated in terms of effects on workload, driving performance, and user acceptance. The effects of the support system were compared between participants that differed in functional age, which was based on scores on three tests of cognitive functioning, relating to reaction time, selective attention, and visual‐motor coordination. Messages regarding the priority regulation, obstructed view of an intersection, and safe gaps to join or cross traffic streams led to fewer and/or less decelerations of relevant other vehicles. These decelerations were considered to be precursors of a collision; fewer and less decelerations can therefore be regarded as safer driving behaviour. The message regarding an unexpected one‐way street led to fewer route‐errors. In general, effects of the messages were the same for functionally young, middle‐aged and old drivers. Workload was not reduced by the driver support system. User acceptance was measured by a questionnaire that was administered to the participants both before and after they had experienced driving with the support system. At first, functionally old drivers were more positive about the usefulness and satisfying character of messages regarding safe gaps to join or cross, on obstructed views of the intersection, and on unexpected road situations. After the actual experience with the support system, opinions changed and age differences seemed to disappear. 8.1. Introduction In the coming decades, there will be growing numbers of older drivers – those aged 75 and above – suffering from functional limitations that reduce the quality of driving performance. Various studies have indicated that Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) might provide tailored assistance for older drivers (see e.g., Färber, 2000; Mitchell & Suen, 1997; Shaheen & Niemeier, 2001). Taking into account functional limitations such as decreased divided and selective attention, reduced flexibility of neck and 9 An abridged version of this chapter, which focussed on the results regarding user acceptance was presented at the second HUMANIST conference on driver needs (Davidse, Quist, Hagenzieker, & Brouwer, 2006). A similar but revised version will be submitted to a relevant scientific journal. Another abridged version of this chapter, which will focus on the results regarding effects on workload and driver performance, will be submitted to another scientific journal. 152
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Samenvatting Samenvatting Dit proef
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Samenvatting Verkeersveiligheidsmaa
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Samenvatting jongere automobilisten
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Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae R
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