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WHO monographs on medicinal plants commonly used in the Newly Independent States (NIS) Uterine stimulant and abortifacient effects The methanol extract of the aerial parts of the plant at a dose of approximately 2.5 g/kg/day, offered in food or in drinking suspension to female rats for 30 days, significantly prolonged diestrus by 1 day. At doses of 2, 2.5 and 3.5 g/kg/day, the extract appeared to cause a significant dosedependent decrease in litter size. No change in the physical and nutritional status of the animals and no other adverse toxicological effects were observed (65). Effects on male fertility Intragastric administration of the dried seeds of Herba Pegani harmalae (100 mg/kg bw) to male rats caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in sperm motility and testosterone level, and augmentation of weight of epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles and testes (66). Toxicology The therapeutic and toxic effects in relation to an oral dose of the aqueous extract of Herba Pegani harmalae were studied in Wistar rats. In acute studies, a median lethal dose of 2.70 ± 0.05 g/kg was reported. In chronic studies, oral administration of the extract six times per week at doses of 1, 1.35 and 2 g/kg bw for a 3-month period increased transaminase activity. Histological examination showed liver degeneration and spongiform changes in the central nervous system in rats treated with the 2 g/kg dose, but not in those that received the therapeutic dose of 1 g/kg (67). Subcutaneous administration of the 95% ethanol extract (120 mg/kg) of fresh Herba Pegani harmalae to rats, and intraperitoneal administration of the extract to mice (250 mg/kg bw) resulted in toxic effects including stiffness, trembling, frequent urination, hypothermia, weakness, stimulation of the central nervous system, convulsions and death. A median lethal dose of 500 mg/kg was determined from studies of oral administration of the ethanol extract to mice (68, 69). An analysis of 56 medical records of patients admitted to a toxicological intensive care unit from 1983 to 1998 following the ingestion of medicinal plants in Tunisia was performed. The sex ratio of patients (men/women) was 1:2; the mean age of patients was 26 years. A number of plant species were involved; in 7% of the cases Peganum harmala was associated with toxicity. Poisoning involved the neurological (91%), gastrointestinal (73%) and cardiovascular systems (18%) (70). Clinical pharmacology No information was found. 306
Herba Pegani harmalae Adverse reactions No information was found. Contraindications The drug is not recommended during pregnancy due to its ability to cause abortion (59). Herba Pegani harmalae is contraindicated for paediatric use and for nursing mothers due to its central nervous system exciting effects (4, 70). It is also contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer (22). Precautions General The plant is toxic and should be used with caution (5). Drug interactions No information was found. Drug and laboratory test interactions No information was found. Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, impairment of fertility A significant increase in the testosterone level in male rats, and a decrease in litter size in female rats has been reported (65, 66). Pregnancy See Contraindications. Nursing mothers See Contraindications. Paediatric use See Contraindications. Dosage forms Comminuted herb for infusion. Posology (Unless otherwise indicated) Internal use. Infusion: one teaspoonful 3–4 times daily. Prepare by placing one teaspoonful of dried herb in 1 cup of boiling water and boiling for 15 minutes on a water bath. Then insist within 2 hours, filter (8). 307
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WHO monographs on medicinal plants
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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publicat
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Contents Herba Thymi 383 Flos Tilia
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Introduction Background The results
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Introduction monographs on herbal m
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General technical notices These WHO
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General technical notices The Exper
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Herba Bidentis Definition Herba Bid
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Herba Bidentis multicellular with a
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Herba Bidentis Chemical assays Cont
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Herba Bidentis ity in vivo against
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Herba Bidentis References 1. USSR p
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Herba Bidentis 42. Kortikov VN, Kor
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Flos Chamomillae * Definition Flos
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Flos Chamomillae Geographical distr
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Flos Chamomillae Dosage forms Dried
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Flos Chamomillae Intradermal applic
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Flos Chamomillae able directly thro
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Flos Chamomillae steroidalen (5% Bu
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi * Definit
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi the cells
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi noid deri
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi pr o c y
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi arrhythmi
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi tract (co
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi extract a
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi metabolic
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi 21. Ficar
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi trique et
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi 83. Hecke
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Radix Glycyrrhizae * Definition Rad
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Radix Glycyrrhizae Glycyrrhiza ural
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Radix Glycyrrhizae Dilute alcohol-s
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Radix Glycyrrhizae Uses described i
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Radix Glycyrrhizae Contraindication
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Radix Glycyrrhizae 13. Chin WY, Ken
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Radix Glycyrrhizae 46. Rask-Madsen
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Fructus Hippophaës recens Definiti
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Fructus Hippophaës recens mis has
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Fructus Hippophaës recens extracti
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Fructus Hippophaës recens diation
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Fructus Hippophaës recens rocytes
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Fructus Hippophaës recens For inte
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Fructus Hippophaës recens 40. Yue
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Herba Hyperici * Definition Herba H
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Herba Hyperici beaded. Dorsoventral
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Herba Hyperici Major chemical const
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Herba Hyperici Uses reported in pha
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Herba Hyperici An ethanol extract o
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Herba Hyperici Effect on smooth mus
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Herba Hyperici hypericin) daily for
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Herba Hyperici tract of the herb fo
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Herba Hyperici 24.8-26.5 hours and
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Herba Hyperici trations, leading to
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Herba Hyperici 9. British herbal ph
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Herba Hyperici mische und klinische
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Herba Hyperici 77. Wood S et al. An
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Herba Hyperici 111. Konig CD. Hyper
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Page 295 and 296: Herba Origani rolla-like, glabrous
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Folium Sennae * Definition Folium S
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Folium Sennae 10 4 /g. Preparations
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Folium Sennae Medicinal uses Uses s
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Folium Sennae induce hypokalaemia,
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Folium Sennae 19. Guidelines for pr
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Radix cum Herba Taraxaci * Definiti
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Radix cum Herba Taraxaci General id
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Radix cum Herba Taraxaci Pharmacolo
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Radix cum Herba Taraxaci intraperit
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Radix cum Herba Taraxaci 13. Qualit
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Herba Thymi * Definition Herba Thym
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Herba Thymi General identity tests
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Herba Thymi Uses described in pharm
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Herba Thymi Nursing mothers See Pre
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Herba Thymi 29. Juven BJ, Kanner J,
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Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis Def
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Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis Mic
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Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis bee
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Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis min
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Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis ous
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Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis Nur
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Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis 37.
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Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis 73.
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Despite the increasing use of herba
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