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Herba Bidentis
Chemical assays
Contains not less than 3.5% polysaccharides, determined by chemical assays
(1).
Major chemical constituents
The major constituents of the dried aerial parts are flavonoids (luteolin,
cynaroside), related chalcones (butein, butein-7-O-β−d-glucopyranoside
and marein), flavanones (isocoreopsin and flavanomarein) and aurones
(sulfuretin, sulfurein, maritimetin and maritimein) (5, 16, 27, 29, 30).
Dried aerial parts contain 0.05–0.11% (v/w) essential oil and 4.51–4.65%
saccharides (arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose and xylose) (31, 32).
The presence of coumarins (umbelliferone, scopoletin and aesculetin),
tridecane-derived polyacetylenes (for example trideca-1,12-dien-3,5,7,9-
tetrayne), tannins, xanthophyll (a yellow pigment, widespread in nature,
sometimes called lutein), organic acids, carotene and vitamin C has also
been reported (5, 16, 27–30, 33, 34). The structures of the major constituents
are presented below.
R
O
R'
O
O
HO
OH
maritimetin
maritimein
sulfuretin
sulfurein
R = H
R = Glc
R = H
R = Glc
R' = OH
R' = OH
R' = H
R' = H
HO
O
Glc = OH
HO
OH
β-d-glucopyranosyl
HO
R
O
O
umbelliferone
aesculetin
scopoletin
R = H
R = OH
R = OCH 3
O
Glc
OH
O
O
cynarozid
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
R
OH
O
O
HO
O
O
R
Glc
H
OH O
OH O
O
luteolin R = H
butein isocoreopsin
cynarozide R = Glc
flavanomarein
R = H
R = OH
41