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WHO monographs on medicinal plants commonly used in the Newly Independent States (<strong>NIS</strong>) Loss on drying Not more than 12% (2). Pesticide residues The recommended maximum limit of aldrin and dieldrin is not more than 0.05 mg/kg (13). For other pesticides, see the European pharmacopoeia (13), and the WHO guidelines on quality control methods for medicinal plants (12), and pesticide residues (14). Heavy metals For maximum limits and analysis for heavy metals, consult the WHO guidelines on quality control methods for medicinal plants (12). Radioactive residues Where applicable, consult the WHO guidelines on quality control methods for medicinal plants (12) for the analysis of radioactive isotopes. Other purity tests Chemical, sulfated ash and alcohol-soluble extractive tests to be established in accordance with national requirements. Chemical assays In addition to thin-layer chromatography for qualitative analysis (2), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography methods have also been developed to determine the concentration of Urtica dioica agglutinin in Radix Urticae (15, 16). However, concentration limits need to be established. Major chemical constituents A large number of compounds of different polarity and belonging to various chemical classes, including fatty acids, terpenes, phenylpropanes, lignans, coumarins, triterpenes, ceramides, sterols and lectins, have been isolated from Radix Urticae. Among these are oxalic acid, linoleic acid, 14-octacosanol, 13-hydroxy-9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid, α-dimorphecolic acid (9-hydroxy-10-trans,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid), scopoletin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, homovanillyl alcohol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 24-R-ethyl- 5α-cholestan-3β,6α-diol, campesterol, daucosterol (and related glycosides), secoisolariciresinol-9-O-β-d-glucoside, neoolivil, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, Urtica dioica agglutinin and polysaccharides RP1-RP5 (3–5, 10, 17–21). The structures of the representative constituents are presented below. 410
Radix Urticae p - h y dr o x y b e n za l de h y de sc o p o l e t i n h o m o v a n illyl alcohol n e oo li v il a n d e n a n t i o m er 411
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WHO monographs on medicinal plants
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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publicat
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Contents Herba Thymi 383 Flos Tilia
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Introduction Background The results
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Introduction monographs on herbal m
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General technical notices These WHO
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General technical notices The Exper
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Herba Bidentis Definition Herba Bid
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Herba Bidentis multicellular with a
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Herba Bidentis Chemical assays Cont
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Herba Bidentis ity in vivo against
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Herba Bidentis References 1. USSR p
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Herba Bidentis 42. Kortikov VN, Kor
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Flos Chamomillae * Definition Flos
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Flos Chamomillae Geographical distr
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Flos Chamomillae Dosage forms Dried
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Flos Chamomillae Intradermal applic
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Flos Chamomillae able directly thro
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Flos Chamomillae steroidalen (5% Bu
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi * Definit
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi the cells
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi noid deri
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi pr o c y
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi arrhythmi
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi tract (co
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi extract a
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi metabolic
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi 21. Ficar
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi trique et
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Folium cum Flore Crataegi 83. Hecke
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Radix Glycyrrhizae * Definition Rad
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Radix Glycyrrhizae Glycyrrhiza ural
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Radix Glycyrrhizae Dilute alcohol-s
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Radix Glycyrrhizae Uses described i
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Radix Glycyrrhizae Contraindication
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Radix Glycyrrhizae 13. Chin WY, Ken
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Radix Glycyrrhizae 46. Rask-Madsen
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Fructus Hippophaës recens Definiti
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Fructus Hippophaës recens mis has
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Fructus Hippophaës recens extracti
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Fructus Hippophaës recens diation
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Fructus Hippophaës recens rocytes
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Fructus Hippophaës recens For inte
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Fructus Hippophaës recens 40. Yue
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Herba Hyperici * Definition Herba H
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Herba Hyperici beaded. Dorsoventral
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Herba Hyperici Major chemical const
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Herba Hyperici Uses reported in pha
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Herba Hyperici An ethanol extract o
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Herba Hyperici Effect on smooth mus
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Herba Hyperici hypericin) daily for
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Herba Hyperici tract of the herb fo
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Herba Hyperici 24.8-26.5 hours and
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Herba Hyperici trations, leading to
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Herba Hyperici 9. British herbal ph
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Herba Hyperici mische und klinische
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Herba Hyperici 77. Wood S et al. An
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Herba Hyperici 111. Konig CD. Hyper
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Herba Origani Definition Herba Orig
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Herba Origani rolla-like, glabrous
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Herba Origani Heavy metals For maxi
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Herba Origani essential oil of the
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Herba Origani Contraindications If
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Herba Origani 24. Muravjova DA, Sam
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Herba Origani 60. Oka Y et al. Nema
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Herba Pegani harmalae Definition He
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Herba Pegani harmalae contain mucil
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Herba Pegani harmalae dominate. Oth
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Herba Pegani harmalae ously and 2 m
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Herba Pegani harmalae Adverse react
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Herba Pegani harmalae 21. Pakalns D
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Herba Pegani harmalae 60. Al-Shamma
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Page 391 and 392: Herba Thymi * Definition Herba Thym
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Page 452: Despite the increasing use of herba
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