NIS - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization

More documents

Recommendations

Info

WHO monographs on medicinal plants commonly used in the Newly Independent States (NIS) Antispasmodic activity A 95% ethanol extract of Herba Polygoni avicularis had antispasmodic activity against barium-induced contractions at a concentration of 100 µg/ ml in the isolated guinea-pig ileum (67). Hexane, ethyl acetate, and n- butanol extracts of Herba Polygoni avicularis were screened for potential vasorelaxant activity using isolated rat aorta. Hexane and n-butanol extracts exhibited distinctive vasorelaxant activity. The activity disappeared on removal of the functional endothelium or following pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, which is an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. These findings suggest that Herba Polygoni avicularis relaxes vascular smooth muscle via an endothelium-dependent nitric oxide mechanism (68). Insect repellent activity A 95% ethanol extract of dried Herba Polygoni avicularis, at a concentration of 1 g/l, was tested externally in hamsters as an insect repellent. The extract, at a dose of 2.5 µg/cm 2 , had insect repellent activity against the sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, a major vector of leishmaniasis in South America (69). Toxicology The LD 50 of a 50% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Polygoni avicularis administered by the intraperitoneal route in rats was determined to be 500 mg/kg bw (70). Tests with a 10% infusion, decoction (1:4), aqueous extract (1:50) and an ethanol extract of the leaves were conducted in mice, cats, rabbits and dogs. The minimal lethal dose for cats and rabbits was determined to be 20 ml/kg for the infusion or decoction, and 2 ml/kg for the aqueous extract, when administered intravenously. For mice, the minimal lethal dose was determined to be 0.2 ml (about 10 ml/kg) for the aqueous extract, when administered intraperitoneally. Intravenous injections lowered blood pressure in cats, rabbits and dogs. The most potent preparations were the aqueous and ethanol extracts (71). Clinical pharmacology The effectiveness of a natural extract of Polygonum aviculare was assessed in 60 students (18–25 years old). Over a period of 2 weeks they used the extract (1 mg/ml) in an oral rinse twice daily. The O’Leary Plaque Index and the Loe and Silness Gingivitis Index were recorded at baseline in all the subjects. The result showed that the extract decreased gingivitis from day 0 ( x” height = “11” width = “13” ≥ 1.056) to day 14 ( x” height = “11” width = “13” ≥ 1.011) (p ≤ 0.05). The researchers concluded that the 336
Herba Polygoni avicularis extract in the form of an oral rinse can be included in supportive therapy for gingivitis (44). Adverse reactions No information was found. Contraindications No information was found. Warnings No information was found. Precautions General No information was found. Drug interactions No information was found. Should not be used together with an anticoagulant (see Pharmacology). Drug and laboratory test interactions No information was found. Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, impairment of fertility No information was found. Pregnancy Use during pregnancy is not recommended (see Pharmacology). Nursing mothers No information was found. Paediatric use No information was found. Dosage forms Ground herb for infusions and other Galenical preparations for internal use and for local application (8). 337
Page 1:
WHO monographs on medicinal plants
Page 4 and 5:
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publicat
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Herba Thymi 383 Flos Tilia
Page 9 and 10:
Introduction Background The results
Page 11 and 12:
Introduction monographs on herbal m
Page 13 and 14:
General technical notices These WHO
Page 15:
General technical notices The Exper
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 45 and 46:
Herba Bidentis Definition Herba Bid
Page 47 and 48:
Herba Bidentis multicellular with a
Page 49 and 50:
Herba Bidentis Chemical assays Cont
Page 51 and 52:
Herba Bidentis ity in vivo against
Page 53 and 54:
Herba Bidentis References 1. USSR p
Page 55:
Herba Bidentis 42. Kortikov VN, Kor
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 69 and 70:
Flos Chamomillae * Definition Flos
Page 71 and 72:
Flos Chamomillae Geographical distr
Page 73 and 74:
Flos Chamomillae Dosage forms Dried
Page 75 and 76:
Flos Chamomillae Intradermal applic
Page 77 and 78:
Flos Chamomillae able directly thro
Page 79:
Flos Chamomillae steroidalen (5% Bu
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 99 and 100:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi * Definit
Page 101 and 102:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi the cells
Page 103 and 104:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi noid deri
Page 105 and 106:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi pr o c y
Page 107 and 108:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi arrhythmi
Page 109 and 110:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi tract (co
Page 111 and 112:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi extract a
Page 113 and 114:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi metabolic
Page 115 and 116:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi 21. Ficar
Page 117 and 118:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi trique et
Page 119:
Folium cum Flore Crataegi 83. Hecke
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 169 and 170:
Radix Glycyrrhizae * Definition Rad
Page 171 and 172:
Radix Glycyrrhizae Glycyrrhiza ural
Page 173 and 174:
Radix Glycyrrhizae Dilute alcohol-s
Page 175 and 176:
Radix Glycyrrhizae Uses described i
Page 177 and 178:
Radix Glycyrrhizae Contraindication
Page 179 and 180:
Radix Glycyrrhizae 13. Chin WY, Ken
Page 181:
Radix Glycyrrhizae 46. Rask-Madsen
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 195 and 196:
Fructus Hippophaës recens Definiti
Page 197 and 198:
Fructus Hippophaës recens mis has
Page 199 and 200:
Fructus Hippophaës recens extracti
Page 201 and 202:
Fructus Hippophaës recens diation
Page 203 and 204:
Fructus Hippophaës recens rocytes
Page 205 and 206:
Fructus Hippophaës recens For inte
Page 207 and 208:
Fructus Hippophaës recens 40. Yue
Page 209 and 210:
Herba Hyperici * Definition Herba H
Page 211 and 212:
Herba Hyperici beaded. Dorsoventral
Page 213 and 214:
Herba Hyperici Major chemical const
Page 215 and 216:
Herba Hyperici Uses reported in pha
Page 217 and 218:
Herba Hyperici An ethanol extract o
Page 219 and 220:
Herba Hyperici Effect on smooth mus
Page 221 and 222:
Herba Hyperici hypericin) daily for
Page 223 and 224:
Herba Hyperici tract of the herb fo
Page 225 and 226:
Herba Hyperici 24.8-26.5 hours and
Page 227 and 228:
Herba Hyperici trations, leading to
Page 229 and 230:
Herba Hyperici 9. British herbal ph
Page 231 and 232:
Herba Hyperici mische und klinische
Page 233 and 234:
Herba Hyperici 77. Wood S et al. An
Page 235:
Herba Hyperici 111. Konig CD. Hyper
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 293 and 294: Herba Origani Definition Herba Orig
Page 295 and 296: Herba Origani rolla-like, glabrous
Page 297 and 298: Herba Origani Heavy metals For maxi
Page 299 and 300: Herba Origani essential oil of the
Page 301 and 302: Herba Origani Contraindications If
Page 303 and 304: Herba Origani 24. Muravjova DA, Sam
Page 305 and 306: Herba Origani 60. Oka Y et al. Nema
Page 307 and 308: Herba Pegani harmalae Definition He
Page 309 and 310: Herba Pegani harmalae contain mucil
Page 311 and 312: Herba Pegani harmalae dominate. Oth
Page 313 and 314: Herba Pegani harmalae ously and 2 m
Page 315 and 316: Herba Pegani harmalae Adverse react
Page 317 and 318: Herba Pegani harmalae 21. Pakalns D
Page 319: Herba Pegani harmalae 60. Al-Shamma
Page 322 and 323: WHO monographs on medicinal plants
Page 350 and 351: 342
Page 371 and 372: Folium Sennae * Definition Folium S
Page 373 and 374: Folium Sennae 10 4 /g. Preparations
Page 375 and 376: Folium Sennae Medicinal uses Uses s
Page 377 and 378: Folium Sennae induce hypokalaemia,
Page 379 and 380: Folium Sennae 19. Guidelines for pr
Page 381 and 382: Radix cum Herba Taraxaci * Definiti
Page 383 and 384: Radix cum Herba Taraxaci General id
Page 385 and 386: Radix cum Herba Taraxaci Pharmacolo
Page 387 and 388: Radix cum Herba Taraxaci intraperit
Page 389 and 390: Radix cum Herba Taraxaci 13. Qualit
Page 391 and 392: Herba Thymi * Definition Herba Thym
Page 393 and 394: Herba Thymi General identity tests
Page 395 and 396:
Herba Thymi Uses described in pharm
Page 397 and 398:
Herba Thymi Nursing mothers See Pre
Page 399:
Herba Thymi 29. Juven BJ, Kanner J,
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 431 and 432:
Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis Def
Page 433 and 434:
Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis Mic
Page 435 and 436:
Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis bee
Page 437 and 438:
Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis min
Page 439 and 440:
Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis ous
Page 441 and 442:
Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis Nur
Page 443 and 444:
Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis 37.
Page 445:
Styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis 73.
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
442
Page 452:
Despite the increasing use of herba
show all

NIS - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?