MS Swaminathan Commission Report on WTO(Malayalam).pdf

X¬ Ib-‰p-aXn sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv (36%). ]n∂oSv DW-°n-s∏m-Sn® sNΩo≥ 34% hpw, ioXo-I-cn® IWh
24% hpw, a‰p a’y-ß-fpw, a’yw apdn-®Xpw 17% hpw, ioXo-I-cn® s\tØmen 16% hpamWv Ib-‰p-aXn
a’y-߃. ioXo-I-cn® sNΩo-\ns‚ A\p-]mXw {ItaW Ipd-p-h-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. 1990-˛91 ¬ AXv
59% Bbn-cp-∂Xv 1998-˛99 ¬ 36% Bbn. Af-hn¬ henb Ipd-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. 30,000 SÆn\pw 35,000
SÆn\pw CS-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Af-hv. 1998-˛1999 ImeØv a’y-Øn-t‚bpw \pdp-°nb a’y-Øn-t‚bpw Ib-
‰p-aXn 7% ¬ \n∂pw 17% hpw ioXo-I-cn® IWh 9%¬ \n∂pw 24% Bbn Db-cp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
1990 Ifn¬ hºn® hnIm-k-amWv a’y-_-‘\ t_m´p-I-fnepw D]-I-c-W-ß-fnepw A\p-km-cn-Ifnepw
D≠m-b-Xv. a’y-t_m-´p-I-fpsS FÆw 1988-˛89 se 34,000 ¬ \n∂pw 1999-˛2000 ¬ GI-tZiw 55,000
Bbn h¿≤n-®p. CXn¬ 4200 b{¥-t_m-´p-Ifpw 28,800 tamt´m¿ t_m´p-I-fpw, 21,800 b{¥-h-XvI-cn-°m-
Ø-hbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Gsd h¿≤n-®Xv tamt´m¿ t_m´p-I-fm-Wv. GI-tZiw 19% h¿≤-\-bm-Wp-≠m-b-
Xv. Knb-dp-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw h¿≤\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. 1996 ¬ GI-tZiw 22,000 a’y-Kn-b-dp-Iƒ D]-
tbm-K-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse 52000 {SmenwKv he-Ifpw, 4900 Kn¬ he-Ifpw (c≠pw GI-tZiw 1/
4 `mKw) _m°n-bp-≈h 3300 hen-®p-I-b-‰p∂ he-I-fpw, 3100 hoip he-Ifpw 5100 a‰n\w he-Ifpw
Bbn-cp-∂p.
1.5.10.1. temI- hym-]m-c -kw-L-S-\-bpsS kzm[o\w a’y- ta-J-e-bn¬
a’yw WTO bpsS Irjnsb kw_-‘n® Icm-dns‚ (AOA) Iogn¬ t\cn-´p-h-cp∂ Hcp Dev]-∂-a-√.
temI- hym-]mc kwL-S-\-bpsS N¿®-I-fn¬ F√mw kap-t{Zm-ev]-∂-ßsf Hcp {]mY-anI hyh-km-bntIm-ev]-∂-am-bn-´mWv
]cn-K-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. WTO IqSmsX a‰p At\I ÿm]-\-߃ a’y hyh-kmb-tØbpw
kap-t{Zm-ev]-∂-ß-tfbpw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. Aßns\ hnhn[ ÿm]-\-߃
ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn t\´-ß-fpw, tIm´-ßfpw D≠v. Cd-°p-aXn sNø-s∏-Sp∂ at’ymev]-∂-ß-fpsS
Cd-°p-aXn Xmcn^v Ipd-p-h-cp-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Imc-Ww, hnI-kn-X-cm-Pyß-fnse
a’y-kw-kvI-cW hyh-km-b-߃°p≈ Hcp Akw-kvIrX hkvXp-hm-bn-´mWv cmPysØ kapt{Zm-Xvv]-∂-ßsf
IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. aqey-h¿≤\ \S-Øp-∂-h¿°v Bt]-£n-I-ambn Ipd
Xmcn-^p-Iƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Ah-cpsS Ib-‰p-a-Xnsb IqSp-X¬ am’-cy-£-a-am-°p-∂p. CXv a’ykw-kvI-cW
hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v hfsc KpW-I-c-am-Wv.
F¥m-bn-cp-∂m-epw, temI -hym-]m-c -kw-L-S-\-bpsS Irjnsb kw_-‘n® Icmdn (AOA) s‚ km\n-
´-dnbpw ss^t‰m-km-\n-´-dnbpw (SPS) \S-]-Sn-Iƒ hgn t\cn-´p≈ \nb-{¥W k{º-Zmbw hfsc {]m[m-\ya¿ln-°p-∂p.
KWy-amb Af-hn-ep≈ Hcp Icp-X¬ \S-]-Sn-bm-bn-´mWv CXv \njvI¿jn-°p-∂-Xv. a’y-
_-‘\w tcmK- hn-ap-‡-amb ÿe-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-h-Ww. G‰hpw Ipd Af-hn¬ am{X-ta, (A-\p-h-Z-
\o-b-am-b-Xn¬ \n∂pw) cmkm-h-in-jvS-߃ a’y-Øn¬ ImWp-hm≥ ]mSp≈q F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hyhÿ-I-fm-Wn-Xn¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xv. tcmK-hn-ap-‡-ta-Je F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp hnhm-Z-]-c-amb hyh-ÿbmbn
IW-°m-°-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. Imc-Ww, Fhn-S-sams° tcmK-hn-ap-‡-am-sW∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI
XnI®pw ZpjvI-c-am-sW∂v Xs∂. CØcw Imcy-߃ (km-\n-´dn ss^t‰m-km-\n-´dn hyh-ÿ-Iƒ) A¥mcm-jv{So-b-ambn
AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ tImUIvkv Fen-sa-t‚-dn-bkv t]mep≈ \n¿_-‘- hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°pta¬
G¿s∏-Sp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Ah-sb√mw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-°p-∂p-≠v. AXn-
\m¬ Ah \o°w sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. temI-`-£y-˛-Irjn kwL-S\ (FAO) t]mep≈ AwKo-IrX A¥mcmjv{S
kwL-S-\-Iƒ A\p-im-kn-°p∂ s]cp-am-‰-®-´-ßsf am{Xta C¥y AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´p-
≈q. B`y-¥-c-ambn \ΩpsS kwÿm-\-sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw DXv]-∂-߃°v D-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠
ipNn-Xz-]-c-ambn A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-bn-´p≈ A¥m-cmjv{S am\-Z-WvU-߃ IrXy-ambn ]men-°-sW∂
Imcy-Øn¬ \mw {i≤ht®-a-Xn-bmhq F∂pw Cu hgn°v \mw C\n-bpw hfsc apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im-\p≠v
F∂v Hm¿°p-I.
WTO bpsS k_vkn-Unsb kw_-‘n® Icmdpw kam-\-i-‡n-I-fp-ambn hym]m-c-Øn¬ G‰p-ap-´p-
∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n® \S-]-Sn-Ifpw H∂pw \ΩpsS a’y-ta-J-e-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬, k_vkn-Un-Iƒ hfsc
Ipd-hm-b-Xns‚ kml-N-cy-Øn¬, Imcy-amb kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂n-√. ]t£ khn-ti-j-amb LSIw
hfsc {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. AXm-bXv C¥y-bpsS a’y- kw-kvI-cW hyh-kmbw a‰p -hn-
I-kzc cmPy-ß-fnse hyh-km-b-hp-ambn ISpØ a’-c-Øn-em-Wv. a‰p cmPy-߃ a’y-ta-J-e-bn¬
151