SEEU Review vol. 5 Nr. 2 (pdf) - South East European University

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Mentor Hamiti, Visar Shehu and Agni Dika Starting from the fact that a language is a characteristic which organizes people into nations, advanced languages influence better communication among people of the same society, making it easier to organize social activities. In this context, the job of linguists is very complex in terms of giving answers to the problems introduced by the non-definite nature of a language. This is why the survival and integration of languages of small cultures into a global environment rely on the timely application of information technologies in the practical and theoretical aspects of linguistics. This research complemented with statistical research data, aims to specifically advances the Albanian language. Using an application written in C# which will be in the function of this language, a number of texts from different areas and various authors were processed, all texts published in the Albanian language in Macedonia. The results can be used by researchers to analyze and do additional linguistic research. The findings from this research can reveal new perspectives in the digitalization of the Albanian language from the albanological point of view. Also, this paper will be used to find the optimal solution in order to design applications that will convert written texts in Albanian into speech. I. The Albanian language and its alphabet The Albanian language, which is the same as many European or world languages, has its own alphabet based on the Latin language. The Latin language consists of a total of 26 letters which are: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, x, y, z. This set of letters is entirely used in the written English and Italian languages, and in a more adapted fashion in French, German and other languages. However, combining letters to create separate phonems are not counted as individual letters. Thus, the English language, a very advanced language, in order to interpret 40 elementary sounds, uses more than 200 different letter combinations. Despite these methods of complicated writing, the Albanian language uses the Latin alphabet to accommodate its phonemic inventory. In order to 176
SEEU Review Volume 5, No. 2, 2009 interpret all phonemes of the spoken Albanian language, a total of 36, it uses the same number of letters, namely graphemes 30 . Since the Latin alphabet has 26 letters, insufficient to represent all 36 phonemes of the Albanian language, the 25 Latin letters (without ‘ë’) are combined with other letters. The decision to use these rules was made at the Congress of the Alphabet, held in Manastir (Bitola) on 1908, where all the letters of the Albanian alphabet were defined with the following order [4]: a, b, c, ç, d, dh, e, ë, f, g, gj, h, i, j, k, l, ll, m, n, nj, o, p, q, r, rr, s, sh, t, th, u, v, x, xh, y, z, zh. We can evaluate the graphical system of the Albanian language, viewed generally as a system among the most simple ones (compared to other languages) and the issue of writing is solved in the following form: 36 phonemes of the language are interpreted with 36 different letters, among which 25 are simple letters, 9 are letters containing two characters and two are letters differentiated by diacritical signs (‘ë’ and ‘ç’). In this manner, we can say that the elementary rules of graphy are respected, and the same phonem can be defined in all possible situations with the same letter (simple or in combination of two characters) [5]. It must be noted that our proposed solution handles the practical typewriting of the texts in Albanian. The simple Latin alphabet uses homogenous letters, easily written and very useful in a printed form since it does not require any printing press with supporting special characters [6]. II. Syllables in the Albanian language As a general rule in most languages, each vowel creates a syllable on its own. [8]. There are, however, some languages where besides the vowels some sonar consonants can create syllables as well. In the Albanian language the number of syllables always corresponds to the number of vowels in a word. This is why in Albanian vowels are syllable forming characters, and consonants on their own cannot create syllables. So, syllables can be individual vowels or vowels combined with consonants. In this case consonants are very important, since the whole information is focused on them. Vowels on the other hand are used to represent the vocal 30 On the phoenetic writing, as a minimal differentiating unit are used letters, same as phonemes on the phonological system. Thus, in analogy with phonemes, letters of a system are called graphemes. 177
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Page 138 and 139: 138 Reviewers: Benjamin Keatinge Dr
Page 140 and 141: Iranda Bajrami, MA kanë qenë të
Page 142 and 143: Iranda Bajrami, MA a state of c
Page 144 and 145: Iranda Bajrami, MA to read and use
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Page 148 and 149: Iranda Bajrami, MA the characterist
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Page 172 and 173: 172 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Kadri Sule
Page 174 and 175: Mentor Hamiti, Visar Shehu and Agni
Page 194 and 195: 194 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Robert Sch
Page 196 and 197: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gezim Xhaferi and
Page 212 and 213: 212 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Selim Jusu
Page 214 and 215: Fatmir Faiku, Haxhere Faiku, Murtez
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SEEU Review vol. 5 Nr. 2 (pdf) - South East European University

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