SEEU Review vol. 5 Nr. 2 (pdf) - South East European University

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Mentor Hamiti, Visar Shehu and Agni Dika The compound letters, also known as bigrams, are formed by linking two Latin characters in one single letter for representing a single phoneme in the Albanian language. There are 9 in total [3]: dh, gj, ll, nj, rr, sh, th, xh, zh. These letters represent another challenge for computer analysis, because the combination of two characters should be treated as a single letter. Thus, one string should be treated as a single character. Usually, the problem is solved by implementing different algorithms in programming. Based on the two above-mentioned characteristics, we can conclude that the existing software for textual analysis of other languages, for example the English language, cannot be used for a thorough analysis of texts written in the Albanian language because the Albanian language in this matter is more complex. For this reason, we do not have any other choice than to use programming languages and to write an original application specifically for the textual analysis of texts written in the Albanian language. III. 2. Rules of the division of words into syllables and the respective algorithm To use programming languages in searching for the identification of syllables, there must be previously defined strict rules which must be respected, based on theoretical and professional knowledge of linguistics and related to the possible configuration of syllables. So the design of an algorithm is needed, which will take into account all possible cases of letters combination in correlation vowel-consonant and due to the defined rules, will bring correct decisions for the division of words into syllables. Respecting the rules of phonetic separation of words in the Albanian language, syllables of all possible configurations and in order to design an effective algorithm, there are five categories with the following conditions: 1. A word has got as many syllables as is the number of vowels within the V word. Also a single voice can represent a syllable. 2. Case VCV, always treated as a V-CV. So, a consonant between vowels, regularly goes with the second forming syllable. Ex: a-ra, di-ta, na-ta, je-ta, etc. 3. As a more complicated case is treated, when between two vowels there are two consonant VC1C2V , then two cases occur: 182
<strong>SEEU</strong> <strong>Review</strong> Volume 5, No. 2, 2009 3.1 Consonants are divided between two syllables VC1-C2V When C1 is side, fibrillation or medial consonant {j, r, rr, l, ll}, while C2 is whichever of these consonants {b, c, ç, d, dh, f, g, gj, h, k, p, q, s, sh, t, th, v, x, xh, z, zh}. When C1 and C2 are nose, side, fibrillation or medial consonants {j, r, rr, l, ll, m, n, nj}. It is a very rare case when C1 is (r, rr, l, ll, m, n, a) and (j) is C2. 3.2. Both consonant go with the second vowel V-C1C2V In all other cases, which are not included in 3.1 4. Case VC1C2C3V is rarely found in the Albanian language, regularly it is divided into V-C1C2C3V so the three consonants form syllables after the coming vowel. 5. VC1C2C3C4V is an extremely rare case that occurs in the Albanian language. It can be determined by implementing previous regulations or manually since it is an extremely rare case. IV. Application for identification and statistical analysis of syllables Taking into account the specificities of the Albanian language and rules of the division of words into syllables, with the use of program package Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 and C # programming language is designed a program that fulfills the specific requirements for processing texts written in the Albanian language. The source code of this program, which is used to generate concrete results, is given in the additional section of this paper. 183
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Page 172 and 173: 172 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Kadri Sule
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Page 212 and 213: 212 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Selim Jusu
Page 214 and 215: Fatmir Faiku, Haxhere Faiku, Murtez
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