Inclusive Scholarship: Developing Black Studies - Ford Foundation

xxiv Inclusive Scholarship: Developing Black Studies in the United States
Student Activism in the Late 1960s,” unpublished paper. According to
Reuben, current Black Studies programs do not represent the triumph of
radical student activists, but instead that of liberal administrators who
“took advantage of the crisis [created by student activists] to gain the
upper hand in academic politics. [These programs] represent the successes
of a group of liberal academics (or former academics) instituting their own
reform agenda with the help of a powerful patron.” That patron was the
Ford Foundation.
10 These two categories oversimplify the actual diversity of perspectives; however,
they are useful in describing the distinction between those programs that
encouraged the involvement of non-Black scholars and sought to integrate
the traditional curriculum and those that did not. To these two categories,
separatism and integration, scholars Leith Mullings and Manning Marable
have added “transformation,” which they define as the “collective efforts of
Black people neither to integrate nor self-segregate but to transform the existing
power relationships and the racist institutions of the state, economy
and society.” See Marable, Dispatches from the Ebony Tower, and Mullings
and Marable, “Introduction” in Let Nobody Turn Us Around: Voices of Resistance,
Reform and Renewal, (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).
11 Memo from Ulric Haynes to Champion Ward, August 13, 1968. Bundy Papers
Box 23, Folder 274.
12 Ward to Bundy, February 10, 1969. Bundy Papers, Box 4, Folder 44.
13 John Scanlon to James Armsey, May 21, 1969. Box 4, Folder 44.
14 http://vote96.ss.ca.gov/Vote96/html/BP209.htm.
15 http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/hopwood/effects.html.
16 Hine Report, unedited version, p. 45.
17 This is an especially significant development since the Foundation ordinarily
funds African Studies and African American Studies separately. Recent revelations
from the Melville J. Herskovits (www.library.northwestern.edu/
africana/herskovits.html) papers suggest the foundation refused to fund
projects that joined the study of Africa with that of the African diaspora.
18 In 1988, Temple University became the first institution to offer the Ph.D. in
African American Studies. The University of Massachusetts at Amherst
followed. In 1997 the department at Berkeley welcomed its first entering
Ph.D. class. Today there are five institutions that award a Doctor of
Philosophy in African American Studies; in addition to the three mentioned
above, Yale University (2000) and Harvard (2001) can be added.
As of July 2006, Indiana University indicated it was working to implement
a Ph.D. program.